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Social Science > Poverty and Homelessness

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Ghana: Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This paper presents Ghana’s Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy. The vision of the Agenda For Jobs II (2022–2025) is to create an optimistic, self-confident and prosperous nation, through the creative exploitation of our human and natural resources, and operating within a democratic, open and fair society in which mutual trust and economic opportunities exist for all. The Services sector continues to contribute the highest share of gross domestic product (GDP) despite its decline and varied performance of 47.9 percent in 2020, 48.2 percent in 2019 and 47.0 percent in 2018. Industry’s share of GDP decreased from 33.5 percent in 2018 to 33.2 percent in 2019 and 31.6 percent in 2020. Agriculture’s contribution to GDP increased to 20.5 percent in 2020 from 19.5 percent in 2018 and 18.5 percent in 2019. Key challenges requiring attention include the proliferation of slums due to increased rural–urban migration; poor sanitation and noise pollution; weak enforcement of environmental and mining laws and regulations leading to increased illegal mining, forest degradation and water pollution.
Keywords:
Ghana learning radio programme; infrastructure gap; value chain; Ghana export promotion authority; Ghana football association; Infrastructure; West Africa; Global; Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Congo: Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This paper on Republic of Congo focuses on poverty reduction and growth strategy. The diagnostic analysis of the socio-economic situation shows that the Congo still faces many challenges. It is recommended to strengthen the quality, capacities, and efficiency of the system, and manage human resources rationally and efficiently in all their components. Focus the national development plan’s (NDP) actions on the economy to make it stronger, and thus give the State more consistent means of action to meet the main national challenges. The implementation of the six strategic pillars of the NDP mentioned above should enable the State to have the necessary resources for the development of education, health, social protection, and basic social services infrastructure. The impact of this involvement is based on a correlation between the expected effects on the social dividend and the actual achievement of the targets for each Sustainable Development Goal.
Keywords:
poverty rate; NDP financing plan; NDP scenario; NDP project; NDP objective; Infrastructure; Global; Central Africa; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Kosovo: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This Selected Issues paper on Kosovo discusses various challenges and opportunities in the public infrastructure domain. Given the very low initial stocks, largely due to the sharp depletion of capital stock during the conflicts in the 1990s, higher investment rates are needed. The resources available from international development partners, including the European Union (EU), the European Investment Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, are a unique opportunity to leverage and accelerate the implementation of priority projects. Strengthening Kosovo’s investment framework is key to achieving this objective. Kosovo faces significant public infrastructure gaps, which constrain private sector development. Scaling-up public investment will raise gross domestic product growth potential and accelerate income convergence toward the EU average level. The priority project list has helped the authorities to prioritize plans and facilitate the discussions and negotiations with donors and International Financial Institutions (IFI). However, implementation so far has been modest, despite the new investment clause of the fiscal rule exempting IFI-financed projects from the deficit ceiling.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Kosovo; lending; amount; credit growth; scheme outcome; EU accession process; IFI financing; Western Balkans peer; Credit; Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP); Infrastructure; Bank credit; Europe; Central and Eastern Europe; Western Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Economic Development Document
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Economic Development Document describes the strategy adopted by the government of Madagascar to reverse the trend of modest economic performance, deteriorating social conditions, and persistent poverty observed in recent years. This strategy addresses the underlying causes of poverty. The primary aim of the fiscal policy is to increase revenue and rationalize budget expenditure to provide ample margins to finance priority spending, specifically social and infrastructure spending. The priorities are to expand the tax base and continuing reform of tax and customs administration, and to eliminate the causes of inefficient public expenditure. The monetary policy is given the role of regulating domestic liquidity to normalize trends in economic activities and achieve the inflation targets of less than 10.0 percent.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; poverty rate; purchasing power; economic growth; private sector; per capita income; development framework; land tenure; poverty profile; energy security; air Madagascar; economic system; government securities market; asset recovery authority; financing requirement; Infrastructure; Poverty reduction; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Syria’s Conflict Economy
Jeanne Gobat
and
Ms. Kristina Kostial
Five years into the ongoing and tragic conflict, the paper analyzes how Syria’s economy and its people have been affected and outlines the challenges in rebuilding the economy. With extreme limitations on information, the findings of the paper are subject to an extraordinary degree of uncertainty. The key messages are: (1) that the devastating civil war has set the country back decades in terms of economic, social and human development. Syria’s GDP today is less than half of what it was before the war started and it could take two decades or more for Syria to return to its pre-conflict GDP levels; and that (2) while reconstructing damaged physical infrastructure will be a monumental task, rebuilding Syria’s human and social capital will be an even greater and lasting challenge.
Keywords:
WP; exchange rate; financial system; U.S. dollar; foreign currency; central bank; Syrian pound; Macroeconomics; Economic Development; Syria; government debt market; government control; Syria's government institution; government obligation; Infrastructure; Agricultural commodities; Oil; Asia and Pacific; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kenya: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper-Joint Staff Advisory Note
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Joint Staff Advisory Note focuses on the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) for Kenya. Kenya’s second Medium Term Plan (MTP-2) that covers 2013–2017 seeks to build on the successes of the MTP1. It aims to accelerate growth to reach double-digit levels, to create jobs for the Kenyan youth, and to further reduce the still high poverty levels. It highlights that to reduce maternal mortality, the MTP-2 outlines measures such as free maternal healthcare at the point of delivery and incentives for school enrolment.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; MTP-2; government; flagship project; Kenya; government transparency; draft MTP-2; priority project; medium term expenditure framework; Poverty reduction strategy; Poverty reduction; Infrastructure; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
République démocratique du Congo : Note consultative conjointe
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Depuis plusieurs années, le FMI publie un nombre croissant de rapports et autres documents couvrant l'évolution et les tendances économiques et financières dans les pays membres. Chaque rapport, rédigé par une équipe des services du FMI à la suite d'entretiens avec des représentants des autorités, est publié avec l'accord du pays concerné.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; PRSP-2; government aim; government commitment; government initiative
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Joint Staff Advisory Note
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Joint Advisory Note on the Democratic Republic of the Congo discusses economic growth and employment-creating sectors. The agriculture and mining sectors are projected to continue their expansion, while simultaneously raising labor productivity and freeing up labor. The urban population is expected to reach 40 million by 2025, up from an estimated 24 million in 2012. Some of these urban centers will function as service centers for rural areas, but they will be increasingly integrated with international markets through formal and informal trade, partly as a result of better telecommunications. The government’s objective is to boost mining output, and the sector’s contribution to fiscal revenues requires an increase in foreign investment, an improvement in the business climate, and a strengthening of governance.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; PRSP-2; government aim; government commitment; government initiative; commitment to reducing vulnerability; government leadership; government give; Infrastructure; Agroindustries; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bangladesh: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper--Joint Staff Advisory Note
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Bangladesh’s second Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper -- “Steps Towards Change: National Strategy for Accelerated Poverty Reduction II (NSAPR II)” – provides a framework for implementing the government’s agenda during FY09-FY11. First prepared by a Caretaker government,1 the NSAPR II was later revised by the current elected government to reflect its priorities. The NSAPR II outlines five strategic priorities and describes the supporting strategies to achieve them. This Joint Staff Advisory Note (JSAN) provides feedback on priority areas for strengthening the NSAPR II and its implementation.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; NSAPR II; costing table; skill-development programs; macroeconomic framework; telecommunications company; government program; Poverty reduction strategy; Infrastructure; Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP); Poverty reduction; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Côte d’Ivoire: Note consultative conjointe sur le rapport d’avancement du document de stratégie de réduction de la pauvreté
International Monetary Fund
En Janvier 2009, le gouvernement de la Côte d’Ivoire a publié son premier document complet de stratégie de réduction de la pauvreté (DSRP), s’étendant sur la période allant de 2009 à 2015. Le DSRP a été discuté par les Conseils d’Administration de l’IDA et du FMI respectivement les 27 et 31 Mars 2009. Il est axé autour de 4 conclusions :(i) rétablissement et raffermissement des fondements de la République; (ii) transformation de la Côte d’Ivoire en un pays émergent; (iii) amélioration du bien-être pour tous; (iv) transformation de la Côte d’Ivoire en un acteur dynamique de la scène régionale et mondiale. En février 2011, le gouvernement de la Côte d’Ivoire a publié un Rapport d’Avancement du DSRP, sur la période s’échelonnant de 2009 à 2011. Aucun rapport annuel d’avancement n’a été élaboré en 2010 ou 2011.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; PRSP implementation; crisis; government of Côte d'Ivoire; authorities' effort