Social Science > Poverty and Homelessness

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Ms. Camelia Minoiu
and
Ms. Shatakshee Dhongde
Current estimates of global poverty vary substantially across studies. In this paper we undertake a novel sensitivity analysis to highlight the importance of methodological choices in estimating global poverty. We measure global poverty using different data sources, parametric and nonparametric estimation methods, and multiple poverty lines. Our results indicate that estimates of global poverty vary significantly when they are based alternately on data from household surveys versus national accounts but are relatively consistent across different estimation methods. The decline in poverty over the past decade is found to be robust across methodological choices.
Ms. Camelia Minoiu
and
Sanjay Reddy
We analyze the performance of kernel density methods applied to grouped data to estimate poverty (as applied in Sala-i-Martin, 2006, QJE). Using Monte Carlo simulations and household surveys, we find that the technique gives rise to biases in poverty estimates, the sign and magnitude of which vary with the bandwidth, the kernel, the number of datapoints, and across poverty lines. Depending on the chosen bandwidth, the $1/day poverty rate in 2000 varies by a factor of 1.8, while the $2/day headcount in 2000 varies by 287 million people. Our findings challenge the validity and robustness of poverty estimates derived through kernel density estimation on grouped data.
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

La labor que dedica el FMI a las normas sobre divulgación de datos abarca dos niveles: el Sistema General de Divulgación de Datos (SGDD), que se aplica a todos los países miembros del FMI, y las Normas Especiales para la Divulgación de Datos (NEDD), para los países que tienen o buscan acceso a los mercados internacionales de capital. El marco del SGDD ofrece a los gobiernos una guía sobre el desarrollo general de los datos macroeconómicos, financieros y sociodemográficos fundamentales para el análisis y la formulación de políticas en un contexto que, cada vez más, requiere datos estadísticos relevantes, exhaustivos y exactos. Esta Guía explica la naturaleza, objetivos y funcionamiento del SGDD; qué tipos de datos comprende y cómo participan los países. Brinda a las autoridades estadísticas nacionales una herramienta de gestión y un marco para promover una metodología estadística sólida, la compilación de datos con criterios profesionales y la divulgación de datos. Esta Guía reemplaza a la versión actualizada en marzo de 2002 e incorpora los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, de las Naciones Unidas, como elementos específicos del componente sociodemográfico del SGDD, desarrollado en colaboración con el Banco Mundial.

International Monetary Fund

Abstract

The IMF's work on data dissemination standards consists of two tiers: the General Data Dissemination System (GDDS), which applies to all IMF member countries, and the Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS), for those members having or seeking access to international capital markets. The GDDS framework provide governments with guidance on the overall development of the macroeconomic, financial, and sociodemographic data that are essential for policymaking and analysis in an environment that increasingly requires relevant, comprehensive, and accurate statistical data. This Guide explains the nature, objectives, and operation of the GDDS; the data dimensions it covers; and how countries participate. It provides national statistical authorities with a management tool and a framework to foster sound statistical methodology, professional data compilation, and data dissemination. The Guide supersedes the version updated in March 2002 and incorporates the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as specific elements of the GDDS sociodemographic component, which was articulated with the collaboration of the World Bank.

International Monetary Fund

Abstract

Les travaux du FMI sur les normes de diffusion des données se font à deux niveaux : le système général de diffusion des données (SGDD), pour tous les pays membres, et la norme spéciale de diffusion des données (NSDD), pour les pays membres qui ont accès, ou cherchent à avoir accès, aux marchés de capitaux internationaux. Le SGDD fournit aux pays des recommandations sur l'établissement des données macroéconomiques, financières et sociodémographiques qui sont essentielles pour l'élaboration de la politique économique et l'analyse dans un environnement où des statistiques pertinentes, détaillées et exactes sont de plus en plus nécessaires. Ce guide explique la nature, les objectifs et le fonctionnement du SGDD, les dimensions des données et les modalités de participation. Il offre aux offices nationaux de statistiques un outil de gestion et une structure qui favorisent la mise en place d'une solide méthodologie statistique, un établissement professionnel des données et la diffusion des données. Le guide remplace la version mise à jour en mars 2002 et intègre les objectifs du millénaire pour le développement (OMD), adoptés dans le cadre des Nations unies, comme éléments spécifiques du volet sociodémographique du SGDD, qui a été élaboré en collaboration avec la Banque mondiale.

International Monetary Fund

Abstract

The IMF's work on data dissemination standards consists of two tiers: the General Data Dissemination System (GDDS), which applies to all IMF member countries, and the Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS), for those members having or seeking access to international capital markets. The GDDS framework provide governments with guidance on the overall development of the macroeconomic, financial, and sociodemographic data that are essential for policymaking and analysis in an environment that increasingly requires relevant, comprehensive, and accurate statistical data. This Guide explains the nature, objectives, and operation of the GDDS; the data dimensions it covers; and how countries participate. It provides national statistical authorities with a management tool and a framework to foster sound statistical methodology, professional data compilation, and data dissemination. The Guide supersedes the version updated in March 2002 and incorporates the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as specific elements of the GDDS sociodemographic component, which was articulated with the collaboration of the World Bank.

International Monetary Fund

Abstract

The IMF's work on data dissemination standards consists of two tiers: the General Data Dissemination System (GDDS), which applies to all IMF member countries, and the Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS), for those members having or seeking access to international capital markets. The GDDS framework provide governments with guidance on the overall development of the macroeconomic, financial, and sociodemographic data that are essential for policymaking and analysis in an environment that increasingly requires relevant, comprehensive, and accurate statistical data. This Guide explains the nature, objectives, and operation of the GDDS; the data dimensions it covers; and how countries participate. It provides national statistical authorities with a management tool and a framework to foster sound statistical methodology, professional data compilation, and data dissemination. The Guide supersedes the version updated in March 2002 and incorporates the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as specific elements of the GDDS sociodemographic component, which was articulated with the collaboration of the World Bank.

Alma Romero-Barrutieta
and
Mr. Eric V. Clifton
Empirical studies of the impact of geography and institutions on growth and development at the international level have become common place, but the high degree of abstraction at that level has led to calls for subnational studies. This paper examines these issues for a region of the United States, Appalachia, where the specific factors at play are identified and measured thus obviating the need for instrumental variable techniques. The evidence suggests that initial conditions, including both geography and institutions, are very important for economic development, having significant effects lasting hundreds of years.
Mr. Carlos A Leite
,
Mr. Charalambos G Tsangarides
, and
Mr. Dhaneshwar Ghura
The paper investigates the existence of "super pro-poor" policies-that is, policies that directly influence the income of the poor after accounting for the effect of growth. It uses a dynamic panel estimator to capture both across- and within-country effects, and a Bayesian-type robustness check to account for model uncertainty. The findings confirm that growth raises the income of the poor, although this relationship is less than one-to-one. The analysis also identifies four super pro-poor conditions that are influenced by policy: inflation, government size, educational achievement, and financial development.
Ms. Caroline M Kende-Robb

Abstract

The second edition of this book outline show to include the poor using the Participatory Poverty Assessment (PPA) method. This method was developed by the World Bank in partnerships with NGOs, governments, and academic institutions, and has been implemented in over 60 countries worldwide duringthe last decade. This book also draws on new PPA case examples. Joint publication with the World Bank.