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Social Science > Poverty and Homelessness

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Panama: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This Selected Issues paper assesses the effectiveness of Panama's fiscal framework. The fiscal framework of Panama has played an important role in enhancing fiscal discipline since its establishment in 2009. Since the current fiscal framework went into effect in 2009, the primary balance and debt-to-GDP ratio of the nonfinancial public sector have improved significantly on average compared with those in 2000–08. The fiscal impulse given the output gap also shows that fiscal policy was less procyclical in 2009–15 than in 2001–08. However, there are options to better align the framework with best practice, including reducing unintended procyclicality, increasing transparency, and improving accountability.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Panama; bank; liquidity; poverty rate; income; transportation cost; growth performance; deficit ceiling; banking center; shipping industry; Offshore financial centers; Liquidity requirements; Fiscal governance; Global; Caribbean; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper reviews the evolution of inequality in Ethiopia and discusses the role of various macroeconomic policies as well as structural factors. With a Gini coefficient of 30, Ethiopia remains among the most egalitarian countries in the world. The most vulnerable households seem to experience less benefit from growth than those in the higher income deciles. In terms of tax revenue collection, Ethiopia faces the typical challenges of a developing country. It is required that Ethiopia builds on its successful experience with the Productive Safety Net Program to address the growing needs of the urban poor.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Ethiopia; income gap; business income; private sector credit; absolute poverty; income spectrum; poorest household; Ethiopia's experience; poverty incidence; fiscal policy in Ethiopia; income decile; food poverty; Income inequality; Income distribution; Personal income; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Uruguay: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This Selected Issues paper reviews Uruguay’s experience with inclusive growth over the last two decades, and identifies challenges and policy options to promote greater equality going forward. Uruguay has a long history of high living standards comparable to many developed countries, and has made further progress in improving social conditions since 2005 on the back of strong economic growth and active social policies. Looking ahead, preserving macroeconomic stability is essential to sustain these gains. For the longer term, improving access to quality education will be the key to enhance social mobility.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Uruguay; bond yield; yield; income inequality; Uruguayan peso; tapering announcement; poverty line; Trabajo por Uruguay; nominal depreciation; public debt; wage inequality; household income; bond yields in Uruguay; Bond yields; Yield curve; Income; Income inequality; Caribbean; Global
Cover IMF Survey
IMF Survey, Volume 31, Issue 01
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
The Web edition of the IMF Survey is updated several times a week, and contains a wealth of articles about topical policy and economic issues in the news. Access the latest IMF research, read interviews, and listen to podcasts given by top IMF economists on important issues in the global economy. www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/home.aspx
Keywords:
SV; background color; IMF Treasurer's Department; IMF Concludes; IMF arrangement; IMF survey; fund Facility; growth facility; Poverty reduction strategy; Poverty reduction; SDR interest rate; Balance of payments need; Global; Europe; Asia and Pacific; Eastern Europe; Central Asia
Cover IMF Working Papers
Poverty, Inequality, and Unethical Behavior of the Strong
Mr. Arye L. Hillman
This paper is concerned with economic consequences of unethical governance. A framework is set out, based on principles of Friedrich Nietzsche, that ties poverty and inequality to unethical behavior of the strong toward the weak. The paper contributes to an understanding of why poverty and inequality have remained entrenched in some societies in spite of repeated programs intended to improve living standards. The purpose is to include ethics of governance, and, in particular, unethical behavior of the strong toward the weak, in preconditions for economic development.
Keywords:
WP; discount rate; poverty; development; government; ethics; Nietzsche; Nietzschean behavior; expected return; behavior of the Nash equilibrium; normalized value; transition society; moral philosophy; Nietzschean society; Discount rates; Income inequality; Income distribution; Southeast Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa