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Social Science > Emigration and Immigration

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Remittances in Pakistan: Why have they gone up, and why Aren't they coming down?
Ms. Yan M Sun
and
Udo Kock
The flow of workers' remittances to Pakistan has more than quadrupled in the last eight years and it shows no sign of slowing down, despite the economic downturn in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and other important host countries for Pakistani workers. This paper analyses the forces that have driven remittance flows to Pakistan in recent years. The main conclusions are: (i) the growth in the inflow of workers' remittances to Pakistan is in large part due to an increase in worker migration; (ii) higher skill levels of migrating workers have helped to boost remittances; (iii) other imporant determinants of remittances to Pakistan are agriculture output and the relative yield on investments in the host and home countries.
Keywords:
WP; remittance; Pakistan; worker; remittances build; Workers Remittances; Migration; remittance pattern; worker migration; home country affect remittance decision; oil import; remittance behavior; remittance theory; Remittances; Outward remittances; Migrant labor; Return on investment; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bangladesh: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper analyzes the surprising strength of remittances in Bangladesh and other countries in South Asia and the Philippines in 2009. The empirical analysis suggests that the continued strong growth of remittances in these countries is related to the resilience of non-oil GDP growth in the GCC countries and the surge in the GCC countries’ hiring of migrant workers from South Asia during 2006–08. The remittances-to-GDP ratio in South Asia and the Philippines are likely to remain robust in the near term.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; remittance; Bangladesh; exchange rate; current account norm; migrant; remittances to GDP ratio; U.S. dollar; host-country GDP; GCC country; RMG sector; merchandise export; Remittances; Current account; Current account balance; Migrant labor; Real effective exchange rates; South Asia; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Are Immigrant Remittance Flows a Source of Capital for Development?
Mr. Samir Jahjah
,
Mr. Ralph Chami
, and
Connel Fullenkamp
The role of remittances in development and economic growth is not well understood. This is partly because the literatures on the causes and effects of remittances remain separate. We develop a framework that links the motivation for remittances with their effect on economic activity. Because remittances take place under asymmetric information and economic uncertainty, there exists a significant moral hazard problem. The implication is that remittances have a negative effect on economic growth. We test this prediction using panel methods on a large sample of countries. The results indicate that remittances do have a negative effect on economic growth, which indicates that the moral hazard problem in remittances is severe.
Keywords:
WP; worker remittance; economic growth; interest rate; remittances; altruism; asymmetric information; private income transfers; moral hazard; remittance transfer; remittance literature; remittance-determination equation; remittance determination; remittance arrangement; effects of remittance; remittance decision; remittance choice; remittance inflow; Migration; Income; Outward remittances; Middle East