Narrow Your Choices

Refine By Countries

Refine By Series

Refine By Language

Refine By Date

—

Refine By IMF Taxonomy

Refine By JEL Taxonomy

Refine by LOC Taxonomy

Refine By THEMA Taxonomy

  • Print
  • Save

Social Science > Demography

You are looking at 1 - 7 of 7 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Saudi Arabia x
Clear All Modify Search
Cover Gender Notes
Why a Gender Lens Matters: Unlocking Solutions to Macroeconomic Challenges
Lisa L Kolovich
,
Monique Newiak
,
Diego B. P. Gomes
,
Jiajia Gu
,
Vivian Malta
, and
Jorge Mondragon
As governments design policy packages to address the main macroeconomic questions of our times, putting a gender lens on macroeconomics can amplify reform impact. In this note, IMF staff’s analysis has called for attention to strengthening legal rights, gendered aspects of fiscal policy, and enhancing women’s work–life choices, including through structural reforms. Capacity development to assist member countries in their reform efforts has grown and, so far, has centered on integrating gender into public financial management systems through gender budgeting.
Keywords:
gender lens; macroeconomic policy; macro-gender tools; gender indicators; capacity development; IMF gender note; gender toolkit; IMF gender Note 2024/003; IMF staff calculation; Gender inequality; Gender diversity; Women; Labor force participation; Labor markets; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Pandemics and Inequality: Perceptions and Preferences for Redistribution
Vybhavi Balasundharam
and
Ms. Era Dabla-Norris
This paper uses an individual-level survey conducted by the Edelman Trust Barometer in mid-April for 11 advanced and emerging market economies to examine perceptions of government performance in managing the health and economic crisis, beliefs about the future, and attitudes about redistribution. We find that women, non-college educated, the unemployed, and those in non-teleworkable jobs systematically have less favorable perceptions of government responses. Personally experiencing illness or job loss caused by the pandemic can shape people’s beliefs about the future, heightening uncertainties about prolonged job losses, and the imminent threat from automation. Economic anxieties are amplified in countries that experienced an early surge in infections followed by successful containment, suggesting that negative beliefs can persist. Support for pro-equality redistributive policies varies, depending on personal experiences and views about the poor. However, we find strong willingness to provide social safety nets for vulnerable individuals and firms by those who have a more favorable perception of government responses, suggesting that effective government actions can promote support for redistributive policies.
Keywords:
inequality; perceptions; government; political economy; WP; government response; government performance; government intervention; health crisis; containment measure
Cover IMF Working Papers
International Reserves—Too Much of a Zipf’s Thing
Mariusz A. Sumlinski
Concentrated distribution of international reserves is puzzling. I show that the growth rates of international reserves bear only a very weak relationship to their initial stocks (scaled by GDP or in absolute terms), and that, by implication, the cross-sectional distribution of reserves conforms to Zipf's law. The law states that the size of reserves is inversely related to their ranking. Evidence in favor of the law is strong and time robust. I compare the crosssection distribution of international reserves embedded in the WEO projections to that implied by Zipf's law and find that international reserves are much less concentrated in the WEO projections than implied by Zipf's law.
Keywords:
WP; law influence; growth rate; reserve
Cover Macroeconomic Issues and Policies in the Middle East and North Africa
Macroeconomic Issues and Policies in the Middle East and North Africa

Abstract

This book brings together recent IMF research on how the Middle East and North African countries are grappling with various macroeconomic challenges. It rigorously analyzes policy alternatives for a range of relevant topics, including the implications of changing demographic trends for growth and unemployment, determinants of inflation, financial-sector reform and Islamic banking, fiscal sustainability in oil-dependent economies, exchange rate and trade arrangements, and impediments to foreign direct investment. The book’s overall theme-self-sustaining and faster growth can be achieved through comprehensive structural reforms and closer collaboration between the region’s policymakers and the international community.

Keywords:
BOOK; exchange rate; market; SDR zone; EU imports; EU association agreement; core deficit; GCC country; Exchange rates; Tariffs; Exports; Real exchange rates; Imports; Middle East; North Africa; Maghreb; East Asia; Western Hemisphere
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Impact of U.S. Economic Growthon the Rest of the World: How Much Does it Matter?
Mr. Athanasios Vamvakidis
and
Mr. Vivek B. Arora
This paper provides a quantitative assessment of the impact of economic growth in the United States on growth in other countries. Using panel data estimation, the paper finds a significant positive impact of U.S. growth on growth in the rest of the world, especially developing countries, during the past few decades. The evidence suggests that the impact of U.S. growth on other countries can be explained by the significance of the United States as a global trading partner. The paper provides estimates of the direct impact of trade with the United States on growth in several individual countries.
Keywords:
WP; trading partner; world growth; trade effect; Economic growth; international trade; trading-partner role; role of the United States; trade linkage; U.S. real; Latin American country; trade diversification; trading partner growth; a number of country; inflation rate; significance of the United States; Exports; Government consumption; Population growth; Trade in goods; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Working Papers
Developing Countries and the Feldstein-Horioka Puzzle
Romain Wacziarg
and
Mr. Athanasios Vamvakidis
The previous literature points to a high correlation between domestic rates of investment and savings among OECD countries. Some take this as evidence of limited financial integration in the industrialized world. This paper presents new empirical results, based on an extended sample of countries. The correlation coefficient in a regression of the rate of domestic investment on the rate of domestic savings is statistically insignificant most of the time and generally smaller than 0.3 for any sample other than the OECD. This finding is robust with respect to alternative time periods, subsample and estimation methods. In particular, we control for measurement error, business cycle effects, and country-specific fixed effects.
Keywords:
WP; developing country; Feldstein; investment rate; retention coefficient; Financial integration; emerging markets; OECD country; saving rate; saving share; Feldstein-Horioka result; Domestic savings; Income; Population growth; Capital inflows; Interest rate parity
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 1976
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
This paper highlights that agreement on an important package of reforms of vital significance to the future of the international monetary system was reached at a meeting of the Interim Committee of the Board of Governors of the IMF on the International Monetary System in Kingston, Jamaica, on January 7–8, 1976. The reforms include a substantial quota increase for almost all members, as well as an increase in access to the IMF’s resources for all member countries in the period prior to implementation of the increase in their IMF quotas, and some other amendments.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; country; land pollution; world conference; tax haven; dollar; developed country; tax haven country; State budget; Tax avoidance; Housing; International reserves; Global; Middle East; Africa; Asia and Pacific; North America; Europe