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Social Science > Demography

You are looking at 1 - 9 of 9 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Moldova, Republic of x
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Cover Gender Notes
Promoting Gender Equality and Tackling Demographic Challenges
Jaijai Gu
,
Lisa L Kolovich
,
Jorge Mondragon
,
Monique Newiak
, and
Michael Herrmann
Two broad contrasting demographic trends present challenges for economies globally: countries with aging populations, often advanced economies and increasingly emerging markets, anticipate a significant shrinking of the labor force, with implications for growth, economic stability, and public finances. Economies with rapidly growing populations, as is the case in many low-income and developing countries, will face a burgeoning young population entering the labor market in the next decades—a large potential to reap the demographic dividend if the right skills and economic and social conditions are in place. This note highlights how gender equality, in both cases, can serve as a stabilizing factor to rebalance demographic trends. As decisions regarding fertility, human capital investment, and labor force participation are interlinked, policies should aim at relaxing households’ time and resource constraints that condition these choices. This means that, in general, in advanced economies and emerging markets, policies should facilitate women’s work–life choices and boost female participation in the labor market, whereas policies in low-income and developing countries should focus on reforms that narrow gender gaps in opportunities and support human capital accumulation.
Keywords:
Demographics; fertility; female labor force participation; gender equality; education; human capital; macroeconomic policy; IMF gender note; labor force participation; IMF Library; IMF gender Note 2024/002; tackling demographic challenge; Gender diversity; Women; Labor force participation; Gender inequality; Global; Middle East; Sub-Saharan Africa; Western Hemisphere; North Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Moldova: Poverty Reduction Strategy and Growth Strategy
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This paper presents the Republic of Moldova’s Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy. Taking into account the general low level of income and the high incidence of poverty, many citizens of the Republic of Moldova look at cultural opportunities and personal development according to the residual principle. The resources allocated by households to crop-related activities are very small. Cultural infrastructure is in an advanced state of physical degradation, which poses a real problem of accessibility of cultural products. The general and specific development goals which the SND suggests for the perspective of 2030 reflect the aspirations of increasing the welfare of the people of the Republic of Moldova, improving the lives of citizens, Europeanization of state institutions, strengthening democracy, the rule of law, respect for human rights, as well as bringing the Republic of Moldova closer to European standards and values, which will ensure the process of accession of our country to the European Union. In the medium to long term, sustainable income growth can be achieved by increasing the competitiveness of firms, raising labor productivity and integrating marginalized people and groups into the processes of economic value creation.
Keywords:
growth strategy; development partner; copyright page; publication service; justice system; Aging; Global; Central and Eastern Europe; Eastern Europe
Cover Departmental Papers
Demographic Headwinds in Central and Eastern Europe
Cristina Batog
,
Ernesto Crivelli
,
Ms. Anna Ilyina
,
Zoltan Jakab
,
Mr. Jaewoo Lee
,
Anvar Musayev
,
Iva Petrova
,
Mr. Alasdair Scott
,
Ms. Anna Shabunina
,
Andreas Tudyka
,
Xin Cindy Xu
, and
Ruifeng Zhang
The populations of Central and Eastern European (CESEE) countries—with the exception of Turkey—are expected to decrease significantly over the next 30 years, driven by low or negative net birth rates and outward migration. These changes will have significant implications for growth, living standards and fiscal sustainability.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; CESEE country; labor market; public spending; current account; workforce aging; labor force; retirement age; IMF staff calculation; CESEE economy; CESEE workforce; baseline labor force scenario; EU country; per capita income; CESEE population; physical capital; workforce cohort; Aging; Labor force; Total factor productivity; Western Europe; Europe; Eastern Europe; Baltics; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Improving the Efficiency and Equity of Public Education Spending: The Case of Moldova
Hui Jin
,
La-Bhus Fah Jirasavetakul
, and
Baoping Shang
This paper, using Moldova as an example, presents a systematic approach to assess the efficiency and equity of public education spending, identify sources of inefficiencies and inequality, and formulate potential reform options. The analytical framework combines international benchmarking with country-specific analysis—such as microeconomic analysis based on household survey data—and can provide important insights into diagnosing and reforming education systems. The analysis finds significant scope to improve both efficiency and equity of the education sector in Moldova. Potential reform measures include further consolidating the oversized school network, reducing overstaffing, and better targeting government subsidies. The current remuneration policy could also be improved to attract high quality teachers and incentivize performance.
Keywords:
WP; public education; labor market; wage level; IMF staff calculation; public expenditure; wage premium; public education spending; spending efficiency; inequality; education reform; public spending; wage bill; Mincer wage regression; private sector; base pay; wage deficit; reservation wage; resource allocation; wage spending; pay grade; Education spending; Wages; Eastern Europe; Middle East; North Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Moldova: Economic Development Document
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This Economic Development Document highlights the Moldova 2020 National Development Strategy focus on producing a social and economic impact on various development priorities. Poverty reduction has progressed significantly during the past eight years: the national poverty rate decreased from 26.4 percent in 2008 to 9.6 percent in 2015. Remittances by emigrants and higher agricultural income, salaries, and social benefits were the major drivers of poverty reduction. The means-tested social assistance program had a significant impact. This social aid has proved to be the most efficient social protection against poverty; however, social support programs that are not means tested are ineffective.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; Moldova; absolute poverty; poverty rate; bullet; government of the Republic of Moldova; labour market; poverty level; feasibility study; development program; company manager; Renewable energy; Development strategy; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Fragmentation and Vertical Fiscal Imbalances Lessons from Moldova
Mr. Serhan Cevik
Using a novel municipality-level panel dataset, this paper investigates the empirical characteristics of vertical fiscal imbalances (VFIs) in Moldova over the period 2005–13. The results show that the extent of variation in VFIs across 898 municipalities can be explained by the level of per capita income, fiscal capacity, and demographic characteristics, as well as the central government’s fiscal behavior that reflects fiscal constraints and policy preferences at the national level. Political affiliation does not appear to be a significant factor, and the results are inconclusive in terms of direction. While some model specifications show larger VFIs when the mayor of a municipality belongs to the same party ruling the central government, other models suggest better coordination and thus lower VFIs. Altogether, these findings underscore the need for well-coordinated reforms to create economies of scale, enhance revenue collection, and improve the composition of spending at the subnational level.
Keywords:
WP; central government; revenue; vertical fiscal imbalances; Vertical fiscal imbalance; fiscal decentralization; subnational governments; budget balance; finance statistics; fiscal policy stance; revenue effort; effort variable; dependency ratio; restructuring revenue administration; mean value; Fiscal federalism; Budget planning and preparation; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Moldova: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This paper discusses the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and National Development Strategy (NDS) for the Republic of Moldova. The NDS “Moldova 2020” presents a vision of cohesive long-term sustainable economic development based on a diagnostic study of constraints to economic development. Areas such as health, culture, social protection, and environmental protection are crucial for the country’s sustainable development. The focus of the NDS is to increase the budget coverage of adequate policies in these sectors as a result of accelerated economic development. Such a focus also requires the sustainability of foreign assistance currently provided to the country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; State chancellery; budget deficit; retirement age; sustainable development; labor market; poverty rate
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Moldova: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Annual Evaluation Report 2005
International Monetary Fund
This paper reviews the Poverty Reduction Strategy Annual Evaluation Report 2005 for Moldova. Economic growth and income redistribution policies promoted in the context of Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EGPRS) implementation contributed to higher incomes and improved access of population to social services, which led to higher living standards and poverty reduction in Moldova. During 2002–04, poverty rates decreased by 14.5 percentage points. By 2004, only 26.5 percent of the population of Moldova was poor. The most essential decrease took place in 2002–03.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; gross domestic product; absolute poverty; State budget; exchange rate; poverty line; national budget; subsistence level; budget revenue; real value; Country modernization - people's welfare; financial support; State registration Chamber; Social assistance spending; Central and Eastern Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Moldova: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
This paper examines Moldova’s Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (EGPRSP) covering 2004–06. The EGPRSP has the potential to become an effective tool for continuous strategic planning, and for providing for the prioritization of strategic objectives and the implementation of related actions. It is also a tool for efficient and transparent allocation of available resources, and for the harmonization of medium- and long-term objectives. The EGPRSP also represents a framework for the coordination of sectoral strategies, directing them toward the accomplishment of the higher-level EGPRSP objectives.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; company; government; economic system; fiscal policy; poverty level; labor market; market economy; management system; absolute poverty; public finance; joint stock; Europe