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Social Science > Demography

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Corruption Kills: Global Evidence from Natural Disasters
Mr. Serhan Cevik
and
João Tovar Jalles
Natural disasters are inevitable, but humanitarian and economic losses are determined largely by policy preferences and institutional underpinnings that shape the quality of public infrastructure (including emergency responses and healthcare services) and govern business practices and the adherence to building codes. In this paper, we empirically investigate whether corruption increases the loss of human lives caused by natural disasters, using a large panel of 135 countries during the period 1980–2020. The econometric analysis provides convincing evidence that corruption increases the number of disaster-related deaths, after controlling for economic, demographic, healthcare and institutional factors. That is, the higher the level of corruption in a given country, the greater the number of fatalities as a share of population due to natural disasters. Our results show that the devastating impact of corruption on loss of human lives caused by natural disasters is significantly greater in developing countries, which are even more vulnerable to nonlinear effects of corruption.
Keywords:
Corruption; institutions; natural disasters; fatalities; policy preference; business practice; time effect; effects of corruption; country effect; Infrastructure; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Haiti: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This paper focuses on Haiti’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and 2014–2016 Three-Year Investment Program. The Haiti Strategic Development Plan presents the new framework for the planning, programming, and management of Haitian development, the vision and the strategic guidelines for the country’s development, and the four major work areas to be implemented to ensure the recovery and development of Haiti. The Three-Year Investment Program, 2014–2016 (PTI 2014–2016) concerns implementation of the Strategic Plan for Development of Haiti and more specifically implementation of the government’s priorities for the period.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; job creation; urban renewal; natural resources; civil society; development fund; airport infrastructure; local government; Infrastructure; Development strategy; Global; Caribbean
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Haiti: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: Progress Report
International Monetary Fund
The progress report on Haiti’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper is discussed. The Action Plan for National Recovery and Development of Haiti has been presented to the international community at the United Nations conference in New York in March 2010. The plan presents immediate responses to the losses and damage caused by the earthquake, but also outlines a number of key initiatives for creating the conditions to tackle the structural causes of Haiti's underdevelopment. Policies and measures have been adopted to maintain domestic and external monetary stability by lowering the inflation rate, controlling monetary financing, and having a stable exchange rate.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; fiscal year; inflation rate; job creation; private sector; development program; public works; DSNCRP II; government capacity; territorial authorities; government procurement process; preventive detention; reconstruction plan; government procurement system; government of Haiti; Poverty reduction strategy; Infrastructure; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Haiti: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Progress Report
International Monetary Fund
The Haitian authorities have launched a series of actions with the aim of executing the reforms, for which quantitative and qualitative performance criteria have been set and point to the achievement of noteworthy progress. The progress report on Haiti’s Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper is also discussed. The outcomes of the reforms suggest that Haiti has made significant progress toward achievement of the completion point under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative, supported by the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; GPRSP funding; inflation rate; GPRSP implementation process; GPRSP monitoring; GPRSP objective; GPRSP priority action; public finance; reduction expenditure; PIP project; GPRSP pillar; GPRSP implementation progress; Poverty reduction strategy; Poverty reduction; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Haiti: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
The paper provides an assessment of poverty and inequality on the basis of the data gathered from the most recent surveys. The vision of state and nonstate actors as well as the challenges to be met by 2015 was outlined; the paper also summarizes the major areas of work decided upon by the government of Haiti. Macroeconomic framework and policies are also discussed. Finally, this study covers financing, implementation, and monitoring of the poverty reduction strategy. The growth strategy is based on four key areas or growth vectors.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; reform program; pricing system; poverty rate; president of the republic; inflation rate; public finance; State leadership; executive branch; justice system; government guideline; Poverty reduction strategy; Caribbean; Global
Cover Finance & Development
Finances & Développement, septembre 2007
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Le numéro de septembre 2007 de F&D s'intéresse à la croissance des villes et à la tendance à l'urbanisation. Au cours de l'année à venir, pour la première fois dans l'histoire, plus de 50 % de la population mondiale vivra dans des zones urbaines plutôt qu'en zone rurale. Quelles sont les implications économiques de cette révolution urbaine ? Les économistes s'accordent généralement pour dire qu'une urbanisation bien gérée présente un fort potentiel d'augmentation de la croissance et d'amélioration de la qualité de vie. Mais comme l'indique l'article de couverture, l'inverse est également vrai : mal gérée, l'urbanisation peut non seulement entraver le développement, mais également favoriser l'émergence de bidonvilles. Les autres articles de cette série s'intéressent à la pauvreté urbaine dans le monde en développement, ainsi qu'à la prolifération des mégalopoles et des conséquences de celle-ci en matière de gouvernance, de financement et de prestations de services. D'autres articles abordent le difficile rééquilibrage de la croissance en Chine. La rubrique « Paroles d'économistes » tend le micro à Robert Barro, économiste d'Harvard ; « Gros plan » présente les difficultés auxquelles le Mexique est confronté ; et « L'ABC de l'économie » s'intéresse au taux de change réel.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; China; country; export
Cover Finance & Development
Finanzas y Desarrollo, septiembre de 2007
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Este número está dedicado al crecimiento de las ciudades y a la tendencia hacia la urbanización. Durante el próximo año, por primera vez en la historia, más del 50% de la población mundial vivirá en zonas urbanas. ¿Cuáles son las consecuencias económicas? La generalidad de los expertos concuerda en que, si se la maneja bien, la urbanización encierra grandes promesas para el crecimiento y la calidad de vida. Pero como argumenta el artículo central, si se la maneja mal podría no solo impedir el desarrollo sino también estimular la formación de barrios de emergencia. Otros artículos abordan el tema de la pobreza como fenómeno urbano en el mundo en desarrollo y el nacimiento de las megaciudades, con sus implicaciones para la gobernabilidad, el financiamiento y el suministro de servicios. Una serie de artículos están dedicados a la dificultad de reequilibrar el crecimiento en China. Gente del mundo de la Economía presenta un perfil de Robert Barro, de la Universidad de Harvard; Panorama nacional se ocupa de México, y Vuelta a lo esencial analiza los tipos de cambio reales.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; China; country; export
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, September 2007
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
The September 2007 issue of F&D looks at the growth of cities and the trend toward urbanization. Within the next year, for the first time in history, more than 50 percent of the world's population will be living in urban rather than rural areas. What are the economic implications of this urban revolution? Economists generally agree that urbanization, if handled well, holds great promise for higher growth and a better quality of life. But as the lead article tells us, the flip side is also true: if handled poorly, urbanization could not only impede development but also give rise to slums. Other articles in this series look at poverty as an urban phenomenon in the developing world and the development of megacities and what this means for governance, funding, and the provision of services. Another group of articles discusses the challenge of rebalancing growth in China. 'People in Economics' profiles Harvard economist Robert Barro; 'Country Focus' looks at the challenges facing Mexico, and 'Back to Basics' takes a look at real exchange rates.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; China; country; export; IMF photo unit; further reform; slum dweller; world population prospect; sustained growth; Exports; Urbanization; Exchange rates; Global; Asia and Pacific; Caribbean; Africa; East Asia
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Haïti: Document intérimaire de stratégie pour la réduction de la pauvreté
International Monetary Fund
Depuis plusieurs années, le FMI publie un nombre croissant de rapports et autres documents couvrant l'évolution et les tendances économiques et financières dans les pays membres. Chaque rapport, rédigé par une équipe des services du FMI à la suite d'entretiens avec des représentants des autorités, est publié avec l'accord du pays concerné.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; PRSP preparation process; private sector; central government; international community; justice system
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Haiti: Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
This document presents a profile of poverty, and indicates briefly the stakes and challenges involved, using available quantitative and qualitative data to specify the targeted objectives to be reached. Actions to be taken are then positioned within a macroeconomic framework for which short- and medium-term objectives are specified, together with an outline of sectoral policies. The major sectoral priorities of intervention are outlined. Finally, the paper discusses the strategy to be followed in drawing up the full Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP).
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; PRSP preparation process; private sector; central government; international community; justice system; PRSP preparation; government finance; social policy; economic growth; leadership role; steering committee; government structure; transition government; Poverty reduction; Poverty reduction strategy; Caribbean