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Social Science > Demography

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
West African Economic and Monetary Union: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper on West African Economic and Monetary Union presents external stability assessment report. The current account deficit declined in 2014. Although gross international reserve coverage has increased slightly, part of the current account deficit has been financed by a decline in commercial banks’ net foreign assets. Contingent on the implementation of government’s consolidation plans, and helped by a favorable oil price outlook, the current account deficit would further gradually decline and be matched by enough financial inflows in the medium term. According to various metrics, the real exchange rate appears to be broadly aligned with fundamentals. International reserve coverage should increase to provide stronger buffers against immediate short-term risks. Structural competitiveness and investment efficiency improvements will be essential to ensure that the planned large investment programs translate into growth and export gains as well as increased private inflows into the region.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; WAEMU; GDP; ECOWAS country; dynamics well; payment service; credit-to GDP ratio; liquidity provision; Mobile banking; Imports; Tariffs; Commercial banks; West Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Azerbaijan Republic: Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; U.S. dollar; net; gross domestic product; manat; enterprise profits; manat broad money; factor income; mln manat; Oil; Monetary base; Imports; Income
Cover Macroeconomic Issues and Policies in the Middle East and North Africa
Macroeconomic Issues and Policies in the Middle East and North Africa

Abstract

This book brings together recent IMF research on how the Middle East and North African countries are grappling with various macroeconomic challenges. It rigorously analyzes policy alternatives for a range of relevant topics, including the implications of changing demographic trends for growth and unemployment, determinants of inflation, financial-sector reform and Islamic banking, fiscal sustainability in oil-dependent economies, exchange rate and trade arrangements, and impediments to foreign direct investment. The book’s overall theme-self-sustaining and faster growth can be achieved through comprehensive structural reforms and closer collaboration between the region’s policymakers and the international community.

Keywords:
BOOK; exchange rate; market; SDR zone; EU imports; EU association agreement; core deficit; GCC country; Exchange rates; Tariffs; Exports; Real exchange rates; Imports; Middle East; North Africa; Maghreb; East Asia; Western Hemisphere
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Disappearing Openness-Inflation Relationship: A Cross-Country Analysis of Inflation Rates
Mr. M. F. Bleaney
The robust negative correlation between openness and inflation found in cross-country data for the 1970s and 1980s has disappeared in the 1990s. There is now a strong negative correlation of inflation with per capita GDP, as higher-income countries have achieved significant disinflation not emulated by lower-income countries. Since 1973, the most consistent finding is that floating exchange rate regimes are associated with inflation rates at least 10 percent a year higher than pegged exchange rate regimes, after allowing for other factors. There is also a consistent positive correlation between land area and inflation.
Keywords:
WP; exchange rate; regime score; GDP; inflation rate; inflation; openness; openness coefficient; openness-inflation correlation; regime regression; inflation aversion parameter; dependent variable; rate of inflation; Exchange rate arrangements; Floating exchange rates; Imports; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Mauritius: Statistical Annex
International Monetary Fund
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; fiscal year; company; short term; capital gains tax; company account; broad money; debt service; stock exchange company; private sector; Agricultural commodities; Public expenditure review; Income; Special economic zones; Imports; Africa; export processing zone worker; enrollment ratio; IMF UR; world development indicator; gross domestic fixed capital formation; Duties
Cover The Mongolian People's Republic
The Mongolian People's Republic
Toward a Market Economy
Mr. Padej Sukachevin
,
Mr. John E Leimone
,
Mr. F. Rozwadowski
, and
Miss Elizabeth Milne

Abstract

This paper is based on an IMF staff report prepared in connection with the application of the Mongolian People's Republic (Mongolia) for membership in the International Monetary Fund. It reviews Mongolia's political and economic history, highlighting its changing economic structure following World War II and its recent efforts to introduce market mechanisms.

Keywords:
OP; enterprise; state enterprise; government; state bank; foreign trade enterprise; Intra-enterprise sales; government ministry; issues note; enterprise investment; Currency convertibility; Monetary unions; Exports; Imports; Middle East; Central Asia; Global; Europe; Asia and Pacific; reformist government; price liberalization; enterprise reform
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, March 1969
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
This paper analyzes economic implications of high rates of population growth in the world. The paper highlights that today, the world population is growing at a rate that is 30 times as high as the average rate of growth between the first century A.D. and 1650. In less developed countries, this rate is 40 times as high. In discussing the advantages that economic development derives when human fertility is reduced, the paper shows that while some commonly held beliefs about these are correct, others are out of touch with modern expert thinking.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; country; cost; export; birth rate; country population estimate; stand-by arrangement; fertility decline; Bank-IDA financing; developed country; Personal income; Exports; Imports; National income; South Asia; East Africa; Africa; Global; Western Europe