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Social Science > Demography

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 15 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Congo, Democratic Republic of the x
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Cover Staff Climate Notes
Climate Challenges in Fragile and Conflict-Affected States
Laura Jaramillo
,
Aliona Cebotari
,
Yoro Diallo
,
Rhea Gupta
,
Yugo Koshima
,
Chandana Kularatne
,
Jeong Dae Lee
,
Sidra Rehman
,
Mr. Kalin I Tintchev
, and
Fang Yang
Fragile and conflict-affected states (FCS) already face higher temperatures than other countries and will be more exposed to extreme heat and weather events going forward. Using innovative approaches, the paper finds that in FCS, climate vulnerability and underlying fragilities—namely conflict, heavy dependence on rainfed agriculture, and weak capacity—exacerbate each other, amplifying the negative impact on people and economies. FCS suffer more severe and persistent GDP losses than other countries due to climate shocks because their underlying fragilities amplify the impact of shocks, in particular in agriculture. At the same time, climate shocks worsen underlying fragilities, namely conflict. Macro-critical adaptation policies are needed to facilitate the immediate response to climate shocks and to build climate resilience over time. Sizeable and sustained international support—especially grants, concessional financing and capacity development—is urgent to avoid worse outcomes, including forced displacement and migration. The IMF is stepping up support to FCS in dealing with climate challenges through carefully tailored policy advice, financing, and capacity development.
Keywords:
Fragile and Conflict-Affected States; climate change; natural disasters; conflict; food security; adaptation; resilience; climate finance; IMF staff climate note; financing climate adaptation; climate vulnerability; climate resilience overtime; climate adaptation policy; Climate policy; Global
Cover Finance & Development
Finance and Development, December 2021
International Monetary Fund. Communications Department
Finance and Development, December 2021
Keywords:
vaccine hesitancy; vaccination rate; pandemic preparedness; HPV vaccine; pandemic policy; COVID-19; Health care; Communicable diseases; Global; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Central America; North America
Cover Regional Economic Outlook, October 2021, Sub-Saharan Africa
Regional Economic Outlook, October 2021, Sub-Saharan Africa
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.

Abstract

The world remains in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic and a seemingly accelerating pace of climate change, both of which underscore the need for increased global cooperation and dialogue. Solutions to these global problems must involve all countries and all regions, especially sub-Saharan Africa, with the world’s least vaccinated population, most promising renewable energy potential, and critical ecosystems. Sub-Saharan Africa’s economy is set to expand by 3.7 percent in 2021 and 3.8 percent in 2022. This follows the sharp contraction in 2020 and is much welcome, but still represents the slowest recovery relative to other regions. In particular, the economic outlook points to divergences at three levels: between sub-Saharan Africa and other regions, within sub-Saharan Africa, and within countries. These divergences reflect the region’s slower vaccines rollout, more limited fiscal space, and regional disparities in resilience. The outlook remains extremely uncertain, and risks are tilted to the downside. In particular, the recovery depends on the path of the global pandemic and the regional vaccination effort, food price inflation, and is also vulnerable to disruptions in global activity and financial markets. Looking ahead, sub-Saharan Africa’s potential remains undiminished. The region is at a critical juncture to implement bold transformative reforms to capitalize on this potential.

Keywords:
Sub-Saharan Africa; regional outlook; vaccination; COVID-19; COVAX; monetary policy; public debt; tax revenues; climate change; headline inflation; food price inflation; IMF staff calculation; vaccination rate lag; food inflation; international community; countries in sub-Saharan Africa; WAEMU member country; sub-Saharan Africa remain; distribution infrastructure; food inflation in Sub-Saharan Africa; exports to the EU; IMF export diversification index; Inflation; Climate change; Global; Africa; West Africa
Cover IMF Research Perspectives
IMF Research Perspectives: Spring/Summer 2021
International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
IMF Research Perspectives: Spring/Summer 2021
Keywords:
IMF research perspective; government spending multiplier; R&D effort; IMF CSF; central bank financing; COVID-19; Bank credit; Fiscal stance; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa; Europe; Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Economic Consequences of Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa
Xiangming Fang
,
Siddharth Kothari
,
Mr. Cameron McLoughlin
, and
Mustafa Yenice
Sub-Saharan Africa has been marred by conflicts during the past several decades. While the intensity of conflicts in recent years is lower than that observed in the 1990s, the region remains prone to conflicts, with around 30 percent of the countries affected in 2019. In addition to immeasurable human suffering, conflicts impose large economic costs. On average, annual growth in countries in intense conflicts is about 2.5 percentage points lower, and the cumulative impact on per capita GDP increases over time. Furthermore, conflicts pose significant strains on countries’ public finances, lowering revenue, raising military spending, and shifting resources away from development and social spending.
Keywords:
conflict; growth; fiscal policy; military spending; sub-Saharan Africa; sub-Saharan Africa country; partner country growth; per-capita GDP; Sahel region; growth rate; public finances; No. of country; conflict country; civil war; time effect; country classification; Defense spending; Capital spending; Total expenditures; Africa; Middle East; East Africa; North Africa
Cover Spillover Notes
Sub-Saharan African Migration: Patterns and Spillovers
Mr. Jesus R Gonzalez-Garcia
,
Mr. Ermal Hitaj
,
Mr. Montfort Mlachila
,
Arina Viseth
, and
Mustafa Yenice
Amid rapid population growth, migration in sub-Saharan Africa has been increasing briskly over the last 20 years. Up to the 1990s, the stock of migrants—citizens of one country living in another country—was dominated by intraregional migration, but over the last 15 years, migration outside the region has picked up sharply. In the coming decades, sub-Saharan African migration will be shaped by an ongoing demographic transition involving an enlargement of the working-age population, and migration outside the region, in particular to advanced economies, is set to continue expanding. This note explores the main drivers of sub-Saharan African migration, focusing on migration outside the region, as this has greater global spillovers. It finds that the economic impact of migration for the region occurs mainly through two channels. First, the migration of young and educated workers—brain drain—takes a toll as human capital is already scarce in the region, although some recent studies suggest that migration may have also a positive effect—brain gain. Second, remittances represent an important source of foreign exchange and income in a number of sub-Saharan African countries, contribute to the alleviation of poverty, and help smooth business cycles.
Keywords:
SN; Sub-Saharan Africa; country; SSA migration; remittance; migration rate; emigration prospect; refugee migration; migration trend; SSA migrant; migration pattern; Migration; Remittances; Population growth; Demographic change; Europe; Africa; Middle East
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
République démocratique du Congo : document de stratégie de réduction de la pauvreté
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Depuis plusieurs années, le FMI publie un nombre croissant de rapports et autres documents couvrant l'évolution et les tendances économiques et financières dans les pays membres. Chaque rapport, rédigé par une équipe des services du FMI à la suite d'entretiens avec des représentants des autorités, est publié avec l'accord du pays concerné.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; economic growth; natural resources; private sector; public finance; civil society
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper on the Democratic Republic of Congo discusses economic policies and development. The macroeconomic and budget framework has been developed to take into account the effects of sectoral policies to maintain macroeconomic stability, a necessary condition for laying the foundation of economic growth and poverty reduction. It is based on the profile of public spending, the assessment of costs for achieving the Millennium Development Goals by 2020, and the sector-based economic growth theories taking into account the uncertainties of the international environment and the real potential of the Congolese economy. It is found that it allows for a realistic programming of public spending while highlighting the main budgetary choices proposed by the government.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; economic growth; natural resources; private sector; public finance; civil society; financial crisis; job creation; economic policy; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Congo: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
The government of the Republic of Congo launched a program aimed at consolidating peace and promoting economic and social development. The objectives included improvement of governance and consolidation of peace and security, promotion of growth and macroeconomic stability, improvement of public access to basic social services, improvement of the social environment, integration of disadvantaged groups, and combating HIV/AIDS. The review shows that much remains to be accomplished, and building on the significant gains of recent years, the decision to expand and strengthen the strategic poverty reduction framework was made.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; private sector; construction industry; human resources; value chain; skilled worker; financial market; community development; Infrastructure; Global; Central Africa; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Southern Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Congo: Joint Staff Advisory Note on the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
This note reviews the Republic of Congo’s Poverty Reduction, Growth and Employment Strategy Paper (PRSP). PRSP outlines a comprehensive framework for the reduction of poverty and emphasizes diversifying the economy to generate employment, provide social services and reduce the vulnerability of its citizens, and strengthen good governance. It can be further strengthened by setting clear, realistic targets, prioritizing and sequencing goals and plans to achieve those goals, and creating systems for monitoring and evaluating the specific projects undertaken.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; PRSP-2; staff; government; natural resource; poverty report; trends assessment; management framework; poverty trends assessment; staffs caution; poverty diagnostic; poverty comparison; Infrastructure; Poverty reduction strategy; Sub-Saharan Africa; Central Africa; Africa