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Social Science > Demography

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Albania: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Selected Issues
Keywords:
copyright page; role of Albania; adaption measure; natural disasters in Albania; Albania NDC; Climate change; Natural disasters; Greenhouse gas emissions; Infrastructure; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Financial Sustainability and Reform Options for the Albanian Pension Fund
Mr. Volker Treichel
This paper studies the financial sustainability of the Albanian pension fund and assesses possible options for its reform. The paper concludes that the pension fund is not sustainable in its current form and proposes for the urban scheme a combination of parametric changes to the existing pay-as-you-go system that would be conducive to broadening the contribution base and strengthening the financial performance of the pension fund. In addition, it proposes the establishment of a voluntary funded pillar in the urban scheme. For the rural scheme, the paper concludes that it should either be merged with the scheme for the urban self-employed or be replaced by a mandatory and funded second pillar. The paper also proposes administrative reforms to strengthen revenue collections.
Keywords:
WP; contribution rate; work force; coverage rate; contribution ceiling; minimum wage; Parametric reforms of pension funds; multi-pillar reforms; transition economies; base earnings; taxable wage range; wage ceiling; reference wage; ensured wage; Pension spending; Pensions; Retirement; Wages; Aging; Eastern Europe; Western Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
From Transition to Market: Evidence and Growth Prospects
Ms. Ratna Sahay
,
Mr. Stanley Fischer
, and
Mr. Carlos A. Végh Gramont
This paper presents evidence on the behavior of output and inflation in the transition economies during 1992–95. A regression analysis explores the differences in output performance across the transition economies during this period. The paper then engages in a numerical, somewhat speculative, exercise to assess the long-run growth potential of the transition economies. It concludes that it should take about 20 years for the faster reformers to reach current OECD per capita levels.
Keywords:
WP; transition economy; inflation regression; fiscal policy; transition; growth; government consumption; inflation profile; inflation stabilization; inflation performance; inflation country; Inflation; Exchange rate arrangements; Government consumption; Population growth; Conventional peg; Eastern Europe; Baltics