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Social Science > Demography

You are looking at 1 - 6 of 6 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • External position x
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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Romania: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Selected Issues
Keywords:
assessment of the size; Consumer Goods import; Policy recommendation; regional disparity; policy recommendation; Current account; Current account deficits; Current account balance; External balance assessment (EBA); Western Europe; Global
Cover External Sector Report, July 2018
External Sector Report, July 2018
Tackling Global Imbalances amid Rising Trade Tensions
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

The External Sector Report presents a methodologically consistent assessment of the exchange rates, current accounts, reserves, capital flows, and external balance sheets of the world’s largest economies. The 2018 edition includes an analytical assessment of how trade costs and related policy barriers drive excess global imbalances.

Keywords:
ESR; deficit; surplus; policy; deficit side; external; REER gap; assessed current account gap; trade cost; policy recommendation; Current account; Real effective exchange rates; External balance assessment (EBA); Current account balance; Global; Africa
Cover Policy Papers
Further Thoughts on a New Quota Formula, and Statistical Appendices I and II
International Monetary Fund
The Board of Governors in a Resolution adopted on September 18 requested that the Executive Board reach agreement on a new quota formula, starting discussions soon after the Annual Meetings in Singapore. According to the Resolution, this work should be completed by the Annual Meetings in 2007, and no later than the IMFC Meeting in the Spring of 2008. The Resolution states that the new formula should provide a simpler and more transparent means of capturing members’ relative positions in the world economy. This new formula would provide the basis for a second round of ad hoc quota increases, as part of the program of quota and voice reform to be completed by the Annual Meetings in 2007, and no later than by the Annual Meetings of 2008. This paper explores key issues related to a new quota formula as background for an informal Board seminar. This seminar is the first opportunity for the Board to discuss the new formula since the adoption of the Resolution. The paper first reviews the broad considerations and principles that should guide the design of a new quota formula, taking as a starting point the roles of quotas in the Fund. The paper also considers more specific issues in that light, such as the selection of variables and possible functional forms for the new formula. In examining these issues, the paper draws on the extensive discussion of the quota formulas in recent years, taking up questions raised both within the Board and in other fora.
Keywords:
PP; IMF document; document; href; body; specification of GDP; average GDP; current receipt; quota formula; Capital flows; International investment position; Purchasing power parity; Market exchange rates; International banking; Africa; Global; Middle East; Western Hemisphere; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Japan: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper for Japan illustrates the impact of fiscal and structural reforms on the Japanese and world economies. Japan faces a sizable fiscal deficit, against a backdrop of weak trend growth and growing imbalances in the world economy. Moreover, upward pressure on health care and social security spending owing to an aging population will add significantly to strains on public resources in the near future. The Japanese government is taking a range of measures aimed at raising productivity growth and stabilizing the public debt in relation to GDP over the medium term.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Japan; rate; bank; behavior; saving rate; section B reviews household savings behavior; productivity-enhancing reform; household behavior regards saving; illustrative saving projection; Aging; Bank soundness; Foreign assets; Agricultural policy; Agricultural sector; Global; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Cyprus: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix provides a brief assessment of Cyprus’s external position and its composition in an international perspective. It discusses estimates of Cyprus’s external position based on partial International Investment Position data as well as on cumulative flows, and compares its level and composition with advanced Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) economies and with other accession countries. It finds that a precise assessment of Cyprus’s overall external position is hindered by the lack of data on nondebt stocks. The paper also analyzes aging and long-term fiscal sustainability in Cyprus.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Cyprus; pension; Cyprus pound; portfolio debt liability; Cyprus economy; marker share; Cypriot pension; current account; Aging; Pensions; Pension spending; Health care spending; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Effects of Long-Run Demographic Changes in a Multi-Country Model
Mr. Paul R Masson
The macroeconomic effects of population aging are explored using data for the G-7 countries and Australia. The link between changes in birth and mortality rates on the one hand, and dependency ratios on the other, is first discussed, then empirical evidence on the effects of dependency ratios on net foreign asset positions and on consumption is presented. Simulations of changes in dependency ratios are then reported, using demographic projections to the year 2025. Finally, the plausibility of the implied changes in net foreign asset positions is discussed.
Keywords:
WP; exchange rate; age structure; dependency ratio; death rate assumption; wealth ratio; consumption equation; net effect; open economy; liability ratio; Foreign assets; Aging; Consumption; Demographic change; Current account balance; Global