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Social Science > Demography

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 19 items for :

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Understanding Agricultural Output in Mozambique: Using remote sensing to initiate a discussion on development
Kelsee Bratley
and
Alexis Meyer-Cirkel
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the agricultural land coverage in Mozambique by harnessing advanced remote sensing technologies and draws on successful agricultural development examples to propose strategic pathways for Mozambique. The study leverages Sentinel-2 satellite imagery coupled with a machine learning algorithm to accurately map and assess the country's agricultural land, revealing that agriculture accounts for only 12 percent of Mozambique's land area. By examining the agricultural transformation or “green revolution” that some countries have experienced, it is possible to distill regularities and necessary conditions, which can then be compared to the state-of-affairs in Mozambique. This study not only offers a model of how emerging technologies like remote sensing can inform agricultural state of affairs, it also provides important insights into which concrete bottlenecks are likely to be holding back Mozambique’s agricultural development.
Keywords:
Mozambique; agricultural development; remote sensing; greenrevolution; poverty alleviation; remote sensing technology; satellite imagery; accuracy assessment; agricultural land usage; area estimation; Agricultural sector; Agricultural commodities; Agricultural production; Food security; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Spending Challenge of Achieving the SDGs in South Asia: Lessons from India
Ms. Mercedes Garcia-Escribano
,
Ms. Tewodaj Mogues
,
Marian Moszoro
, and
Mauricio Soto
South Asia has experienced significant progress in improving human and physical capital over the past few decades. Within the region, India has become a global economic powerhouse with enormous development potential ahead. To foster human and economic development, India has shown a strong commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Agenda. This paper focuses on the medium-term development challenges that South Asia, and in particular India, faces to ensure substantial progress along the SDGs by 2030. We estimate the additional spending needed in critical areas of human capital (health and education) and physical capital (water and sanitation, electricity, and roads). We document progress on these five sectors for India relative to other South Asian countries and discuss implications for policy and reform.
Keywords:
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); Human Capital; Infrastructure; India; spending estimation; health outcome; spending challenge; physical capital; SDG sector; Sustainable Development Goals (SDG); Electricity; South Asia
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Spending Challenge for Reaching the SDGs in Sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons Learned from Benin and Rwanda
Delphine Prady
and
Mouhamadou Sy
This paper documents the additional spending that is required for sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) to achieve meaningful progress in SDGs by 2030. Benin and Rwanda are presented in detail through case studies. The main lessons are: i) average additional spending across SSA is significant, at 19 percent of GDP in 2030; ii) countries must prioritize their development objectives according to their capacity to deliver satisfactory outcomes, iii) financing strategies should articulate multiple sources given the scale of additional spending, and iv) strong national ownership of SDGs is key and should be reflected in long-term development plans and medium-term policy commitments.
Keywords:
WP; Sub-Saharan Africa; Benin; spending; GDP; Rwanda; spending estimate; SSA population; SSA government; SSA countries signal; health SSA average; SSA median; SSA peer; SSA LIDCs; Sustainable Development Goals (SDG); Electricity
Cover IMF Working Papers
Who Creates New Firms When Local Opportunities Arise?
Shai Bernstein
,
Emanuele Colonnelli
,
Mr. Davide Malacrino
, and
Tim McQuade
New firm formation is a critical driver of job creation, and an important contributor to the responsiveness of the economy to aggregate shocks. In this paper we examine the characteristics of the individuals who become entrepreneurs when local opportunities arise due to an increase in local demand. We identify local demand shocks by linking fluctuations in global commodity prices to municipality level agricultural endowments in Brazil. We find that the firm creation response is almost entirely driven by young and skilled individuals, as measured by their level of experience, education, and past occupations involving creativity, problem-solving and managerial roles. In contrast, we find no such response within the same municipalities among skilled, yet older individuals, highlighting the importance of lifecycle considerations. These responsive individuals are younger and more skilled than the average entrepreneur in the population. The entrepreneurial response of young individuals is larger in municipalities with better access to finance, and in municipalities with more skilled human capital. These results highlight how the characteristics of the local population can have a significant impact on the entrepreneurial responsiveness of the economy.
Keywords:
Entrepreneurship; Firms; Financial Development; Commodities; creation response; experience distribution; heterogeneous firm; firm entry response; firm creation rate; marginal revenue; created firm; time series; fertility rate; Self-employment; Labor force; Employment; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Employment Impacts of Upstream Oil and Gas Investment in the United States
Mark Agerton
,
Peter Hartley
,
Kenneth Medlock III
, and
Ted Temzelides
Technological progress in the exploration and production of oil and gas during the 2000s has led to a boom in upstream investment and has increased the domestic supply of fossil fuels. It is unknown, however, how many jobs this boom has created. We use time-series methods at the national level and dynamic panel methods at the state-level to understand how the increase in exploration and production activity has impacted employment. We find robust statistical support for the hypothesis that changes in drilling for oil and gas as captured by rig-counts do in fact, have an economically meaningful and positive impact on employment. The strongest impact is contemporaneous, though months later in the year also experience statistically and economically meaningful growth. Once dynamic effects are accounted for, we estimate that an additional rig-count results in the creation of 37 jobs immediately and 224 jobs in the long run, though our robustness checks suggest that these multipliers could be bigger.
Keywords:
WP; job creation; Employment; employment impact; employment growth; state employment; boom state; employment response; employment multiplier; employment consequence; employment activity; Oil prices; Oil; Agroindustries; North America
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Burkina Faso: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper on Burkina Faso focuses on the growth prospects of the country. Growth has become more robust and more resilient to chocks, resulting in the economy growing faster than regional standards. However, the perception within the country is that the population has not really benefited from this strong performance and that growth was not inclusive. Indicators show that results are mitigated. The improvements can be attributed to the authorities’ numerous measures on the matter but there are still some identified constraints that must be resolved in order to truly tackle the problem of poverty in the country. The level of the authorities’ poverty line has more than tripled over that period. Despite rapid demographic growth, World Development Indicators show notable improvements in living conditions in the country. The progress in poverty reduction and growth inclusiveness has been supported by numerous measures and projects undertaken by the Burkinabè authorities. The strategy for accelerated growth and durable development is a framework of measures aiming at reducing poverty while insuring economic stability.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; price; revenue; production; Sofitex; income share; poverty ratio; ginning company; primary sector; fertilizer price; GDP projection; poverty incidence; Mining sector; Fiscal stance; Agricultural commodities; Fiscal rules; West Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Niger: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Niger understands the need to adopt a long-term strategy capable of optimizing natural and human resources to promote sustainable economic and social development and inclusive growth. The government has renewed planning efforts in the preparation of three principal strategic documents. These three strategic planning tools are complementary, and the government is committed to implementing them so that they interact with each other synergistically while ensuring dynamic linkages between short-, medium-, and long-term programs.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; natural resources; gross domestic product; community development; private sector; economic situation; public policy; climate change; standard of living; primary sector; human resources; Agricultural commodities; Global; West Africa; Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Côte d’Ivoire: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: Progress Report
International Monetary Fund
This paper presents the Poverty Reduction Strategy Implementation Progress Report for Côte d’Ivoire. Since the end of the crisis in April 2011, Côte d'Ivoire has gradually recovered economic activity and social cohesion, as reflected in the reopening of banks, schools and health centers, markets, and industrial enterprises. Financing of the poverty reduction strategy is provided largely through budget resources and assistance from the government's technical and financial partners (TFP). Assistance from the TFP may also take the form of project grants or program grants.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; private sector; financial support; job creation; management system; sustainable development; economic activity; Agricultural commodities; West Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Burundi: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper-Progress Report
International Monetary Fund
The government of Burundi undertook to prepare the first Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Framework (GPRSF). The general framework for most economic and social development programs initiated by Burundi and its donors has been established. A general balance sheet of performance has also been established. Economic development efforts have generally had an impact on the population’s material well-being. The principal objective of the second strategic axis focusing on economic growth was annual growth between 6 and 7 percent, capable of doubling per capita GDP in 15 years.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; private sector; primary sector; exchange rate; economic growth; tertiary sector; government enterprise; Agricultural commodities; Women; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Burundi: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: Second Implementation Report
International Monetary Fund
The implementation of the Growth and Poverty Reduction Strategy Framework (GPRSF) first describes the characteristics of poverty in Burundi before proceeding to review progress made in terms of each strategic axis. The analysis of macroeconomic performance, including the real sector, inflation, budgetary framework, the real sector [sic], and currency completes this report. In this context of extreme poverty and given the link between population numbers and poverty reduction, it is crucial that issues related to demographic pressure be clearly taken into account in all development programs.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; private sector; U.S. dollar; civil society; exchange rate; financial support; nominal GDP; real GDP; land tenure; palm oil; human resources; natural resource; Agricultural commodities; Global; East Africa; Southern Africa; Central Africa; Africa