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Europe > Slovenia, Republic of

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Slovenia: 2018 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Republic of Slovenia
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This Article IV Consultation highlights that the continued structural reforms are key to ensure long-term prosperity, while strengthening the economy’s resilience to shocks. Effective implementation of the recently enacted reforms of vocational training, apprenticeship, and adult education would help address skill shortages, support employment of younger and older people, and boost productivity growth. Macro-financial legacy issues remain in bank and corporate balance sheets, including small and medium enterprises’ nonperforming loans. Structural challenges persist with low productivity growth, skills shortages, high tax wedge, heavy regulatory system, and extensive presence of state-owned enterprises. Policies should focus on fiscal and structural reforms to rebuild fiscal buffers and increase productivity. Slovenia’s external position in 2018 is assessed as substantially stronger than suggested by fundamentals and desirable policies; however the current account is expected to revert toward its norm in the medium term. Continued structural reforms are key to ensure long-term prosperity, while strengthening the economy’s resilience to shocks. Effective implementation of the recently enacted reforms of vocational training, apprenticeship, and adult education would help address skill shortages, support employment of younger and older people, and boost productivity growth.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; appraisal; item; supplementary information; update of the Draft Budget Plan; government finance statistic yearbook; outturn data; near-term growth prospect; growth-enhancing tax; Fiscal stance; Wages; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Slovenia: 2016 Article IV Consultation-Press Release and Staff Report for the Republic of Slovenia
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This paper discusses recent economic developments, outlook, and risks in Slovenia. Although strong demand in trading partners and large European Union structural fund transfers buoyed growth in 2014–15, the outlook is less reassuring. The short-term outlook is broadly balanced, while medium-term prospects are subject to downside risks. Significant structural reforms are needed to realize Slovenia’s growth potential, but political tensions and coalition discussions may affect their pace and ambition. Slovenia needs to avoid complacency; with more ambitious reforms, growth can be faster and more sustainable. Concrete measures need to be taken to address binding constraints on growth and reduce financial and fiscal vulnerabilities.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; bank; retail price index; support; General government balance excl. bank support; debt; Slovenia; government finance statistics methodology; SME debt; money market rate; government finance statistic yearbook; headline inflation; Nonperforming loans; Government finance statistics; Balance of payments statistics; Fiscal stance; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Slovenia: Staff Report for the 2014 Article IV Consultation
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This 2014 Article IV Consultation highlights that Slovenia is recovering from a deep crisis. Growth is estimated to have reached about 2.6 percent in 2014, supported by strong exports and EU-funded public investment. The financial sector has stabilized following recapitalization of the major banks by the state. Government bonds yields have declined markedly. Growth is projected at about 1.9 and 1.7 percent in 2015 and 2016, respectively, with potential growth well below precrisis levels. Executive Directors welcomed the fact that Slovenia’s economy is recovering and commended the authorities for their efforts to mend the banking system, facilitate corporate debt restructuring, and consolidate the public finances.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; General government balance excl. bank support; GDP; net acquisition; deficit; staff's projection; fiscal outturn; government bonds bond yield; Nonperforming loans; Fiscal stance; Government finance statistics; Balance of payments statistics; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Sovereign CDS Spreads in Europe: The Role of Global Risk Aversion, Economic Fundamentals, Liquidity, and Spillovers
Mr. Frigyes F Heinz
and
Ms. Yan M Sun
By analysing data from January 2007 to December 2012 in a panel GLS error correction framework we find that European countries’ sovereign CDS spreads are largely driven by global investor sentiment, macroeconomic fundamentals and liquidity conditions in the CDS market. But the relative importance of these factors changes over time. While during the 2008/09 crisis weak economic fundamentals (such as high current account decifit, worsening underlying fiscal balances, credit boom), a drop in liquidity and a spike in risk aversion contributed to high spreads in Central and Eastern and South-Eastern European (CESEE) countries, a marked improvement in fundamentals (e.g. reduction in fiscal deficit, narrowing of current balances, gradual economic recovery) explains the region’s resilience to financial market spillovers during the euro area crisis. Our generalised variance decomposition analyisis does not suggest strong direct spillovers from the euro area periphery. The significant drop in the CDS spreads between July 2012 and December 2012 was mainly driven by a decline in risk aversion as suggested by the model’s out of sample forecasts.
Keywords:
WP; CDS spread; financial market; area crisis; real GDP; CESEE countries; financial spillovers; CDS spreads; CESEE country; sovereign CDS; area CDS; norm decomposition; periphery country; CDS bid; CDS market liquidity condition; Credit default swap; Government debt management; Spillovers; Liquidity; Current account balance; Global; Baltics
Cover IMF Working Papers
Current Account Imbalances in the Southern Euro Area
Ms. Florence Jaumotte
and
Piyaporn Sodsriwiboon
The paper examines the causes, consequences, and potential cures of the large current account deficits in the Southern Euro Area (SEA). These were mostly driven by a decline in private saving rates. But it was the European Monetary Union and the Euro, which enabled these countries to maintain investment rates, and thus run larger current account deficits, by improving their access to the international pool of saving. The paper finds that the deficits in SEA in 2008 were larger than can be explained by fundamentals, though the situation varies substantially across countries. It also finds that although the global financial crisis has started to force some unwinding, the current account deficits are expected to remain high in the medium run, though again with substantial variation across countries. The paper argues these large external deficits pose risks to the economy and therefore matter, even in a currency union, and discusses some policy options to reduce them.
Keywords:
WP; euro; deficit
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Slovenia: 2009 Article IV Consultation: Staff Report; Staff Statement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Slovenia
International Monetary Fund
This 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that inflation and the current account deficit in Slovenia are expected to moderate. The main downward risks to growth are lower-than-projected growth in Europe, and a credit crunch in the event that foreign financing of domestic banks dries up. In the medium term, the main challenge is that the economy needs to emerge from the global crisis on a sustainable growth path. Executive Directors have commended the authorities for their swift and decisive policy responses to slower growth and financial sector strains.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; deficit; staff appraisal; debt; Slovenia; policy action; development policy priority; business confidence indicators; IMF staff representative; Government finance statistics; Balance of payments statistics; Credit; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Croatia: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
The first analysis focuses on external stability, an important issue in view of Croatia’s external imbalances and the requirements of the IMF’s 2007 Decision on Bilateral Surveillance. The paper shows that the real exchange rate is broadly in line with economic fundamentals and that external debt dynamics are sustainable as long as macroeconomic policies remain strong. The second analysis finds significant inefficiencies in Croatia’s social spending. It also discusses several reform measures to reduce inefficiencies in public spending and generate budgetary savings to reduce the general government deficit.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Croatia; GDP; spending; balance; debt; efficiency score; student-teacher ratio; system efficiency; education outcome; NICA balance; poverty rate; school enrollment; OECD country; Current account balance; Health care spending; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Capital Account Liberalization, Capital Flow Patterns, and Policy Responses in the EU's New Member States
Ms. Zsofia Arvai
This paper discusses the experience of the EU's eight new member countries (EU8) between 1995 and 2003 when the bulk of capital account liberalization took place, focusing on interest-rate-sensitive portfolio flows and financial flows. It takes stock of the lessons from capital flow patterns to draw policy conclusions. There were two distinct groups in terms of the speed of capital account liberalization: rapid liberalizers and cautious liberalizers. The speed of disinflation and the level of public debt were major determinants of the size of interest-rate-sensitive portfolio inflows. Monetary and exchange rate policies were the main instruments used to react to large interest-sensitive inflows, whereas fiscal tightening was seldom used as a direct reaction to inflows.
Keywords:
WP; monetary policy; portfolio inflow; interest rate differential; central bank; debt management; EU accession; capital flows; capital account liberalization; transition country; transmission mechanism; liberalization strategy; candidate country; country authorities' agenda; EU candidate country; market share; country's liberalization strategy; government securities market; Central European country; Capital account; Capital inflows; Baltics
Cover IMF Working Papers
Capital Flows to Transition Economies: Master or Servant?
Mr. Leslie Lipschitz
,
Mr. Alex Mourmouras
, and
Mr. Timothy D. Lane
This paper discusses the forces driving capital flows in the transition countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It argues that various influences—specifically, the real exchange rate history and trend and the factor intensity of production—can combine to motivate very large capital inflows. These inflows can either undermine attempts at monetary restraint or force excessive appreciations. They can also render the economy highly vulnerable to shifts in market sentiment. The policy implications of the analysis are awkward: exposure to global capital markets sets up difficult dilemmas for policy and leads to vulnerabilities that can be reduced but not eliminated.
Keywords:
WP; capital; country; authority; capital flow; Central and Eastern Europe; capital flows; convergence; macroeconomic policy; capital scarcity; trend appreciation; deutsche mark; unfettered capital mobility; risk premia; nominal interest rate; real interest rate differential; appreciation vis-a-vis; physical capital; term capital control; capital mobility; appreciation result; Capital inflows; Real interest rates; Current account deficits; Exchange rate arrangements; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Slovenia: Staff Report for the 2001 Article IV Consultation
International Monetary Fund
The Republic of Slovenia, being the most successful transition economy in Central and Eastern Europe, has achieved significant economic convergence with the European Union, and has built up an impressive record of sustained, broad-based growth, reflecting strong competitiveness and investment. However, Executive Directors emphasized the need to maintain strong monetary and fiscal policies, and accelerate structural reforms. They commended the comprehensive action plan prepared by the authorities to strengthen prudential standards, improve liquidity management, and deepen the money market.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Policy implementation; government; implementation of the authorities' action plan; Slovene authorities; indexation; staff appraisal; EU harmonization; Inflation; Capital account liberalization; Competition; Privatization; Current account; Central and Eastern Europe