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Europe > Slovenia, Republic of

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Budget Rigidity and Expenditure Efficiency in Slovenia
Mr. Todd D. Mattina
and
Ms. Victoria Gunnarsson
This paper assesses the relative efficiency and flexibility of public spending in Slovenia compared to the advanced and new EU member states. Spending on health care, education, and social protection is relatively high in Slovenia without achieving correspondingly better outcomes. Inefficiencies appear to stem from the financing mechanisms for social services, institutional arrangements, and the weak targeting of social benefits. In addition, the composition of spending appears to be strongly tilted towards nondiscretionary items that reduce the fiscal room for maneuver. Greater flexibility is needed to facilitate the reallocation of relatively inefficient expenditure into higher priorities. In this manner, medium-term expenditure rationalization can focus on reducing inefficient outlays rather than restraining traditionally flexible components of the budget, such as public investment.
Keywords:
WP; Slovenia; wage; budget; country; efficiency score; GDP
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Slovenia: 2007 Article IV Consultation: Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of Slovenia
International Monetary Fund
This 2007 Article IV Consultation highlights that economic performance of Slovenia strengthened in 2006, supported by a recovery in investment and continued growth spillovers from the European Union. Declining real interest rates in the run-up to euro adoption on January 1, 2007 helped sustain credit growth and domestic demand. The strong economy boosted job creation, while unemployment declined and capacity utilization reached record high levels. Growth is projected to slow down slightly in 2007–08, as the investment boom decelerates.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; headline inflation; deficit; Euro adoption process; economy; Slovenia's integration; Slovenia's economic growth; government plan; employment growth; Inflation; Wages; Europe; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Slovenia: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper analyzes the challenges that the Republic of Slovenia will face in the coming years. It examines the efficiency of the Slovene banking sector in the European Union context. The paper analyzes indicators of bank efficiency by comparing performance indicators for banks in Slovenia, the European Monetary Union, and new member states. It presents results from cross-country econometric estimates of banking sector cost efficiency. The paper also discusses results from estimates of cross-country banking sector contestability, and the determinants of efficiency and contestability.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Slovene bank; bank; chapter IV; bank efficiency; expenditure reform; chapter III; Capital markets; Stock markets; Fiscal rules; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Interpreting EU Funds Data for Macroeconomic Analysis in the New Member States
Robert Sierhej
and
Mr. Christoph B. Rosenberg
Drawing on a dataset suitable for macroeconomic analysis, the paper provides an overview of the magnitudes, purpose and institutional implications of EU-related transfers to and from the new member states. A rough analysis of accounting identities and first-round effects shows that EU funds may have led to a fiscal drag of up to 1 percent of GDP and an additional aggregate demand stimulus of up to 1 percent of GDP during the first years of membership. These effects are likely to increase as additional funding become available under the new financial perspective, pointing to the need to consider policy tradeoffs.
Keywords:
WP; EU fund; fund; government
Cover IMF Working Papers
Tax, Welfare, and Pension Reforms in Slovenia: Implications for Work Incentives and Labor Participation
Mr. Philippe Egoume Bossogo
and
Ms. Anita Tuladhar
The labor participation rate in Slovenia has been lower than in the EU-15 (the members states prior to May 2004), particularly for the low-income and older individuals. Using simulations of tax and social benefits and public pensions, the paper shows how the current tax, welfare, and pension systems create disincentives to work among these groups. The paper finds that incentives to retire early are strong for men, especially low-wage earners. The marginal effective tax rates also make it costly for low-income individuals to work and negatively affect the probability of participating. The paper proposes reform measures to enhance work incentives and labor participation, which will be crucial for dealing with population aging and for achieving higher potential growth in Slovenia.
Keywords:
WP; retirement age; flat tax; minimum wage; personal income; wage growth
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Czech Republic, Republic of Estonia, Hungary, Republic of Latvia, Republic of Lithuania, Republic of Poland, Slovak Republic, and Republic of Slovenia: Export Structure and Credit Growth
International Monetary Fund
Of the new members entering the European Union (EU) in May 2004, several had achieved a decade of impressive export growth, expanding significantly their shares of world markets. The empirical analysis shows that over the period 1994–2004, quality and technology upgrading associated with the structural transformation were, indeed, also associated with increased market share. Several bivariate relationships to motivate an empirical framework for analyzing the evolution of market shares are ascribed. It gives the basic regressions explaining the changes in market shares for 58 countries.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; market share; credit growth; market share gain; product quality; export share; bank soundness; Bank credit; Credit; Bank soundness; Loans; Real interest rates; Baltics; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Euro Area Policies: Staff Report for the 2006 Article IV Consultation
International Monetary Fund
The euro area recovered from the economic doldrums. Executive Directors welcomed the recovery, supported by strong financial conditions, global growth, and improved financial positions. They encouraged the reformed Stability and Growth Pact over fiscal policies, and underscored the need for accelerated fiscal consolidation and structural reforms. They pointed to the integrated National Reform Programs under the reformed Lisbon process and labor market reforms. Directors welcomed the progress in integrating Europe’s financial markets and the new Directive on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; ECB statement; market participant; August rate hike; euro; market; headline inflation; banking market; services PMI indicator; financing activity; Inflation; Productivity; Oil prices; Price stabilization; Employment; Global; Europe; South Asia
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Slovenia: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This paper provides a background on the key policy challenges for Slovenia in the euro zone. Then, it assesses the discretionary scope to adjust spending and proposes initial steps to enhance budget flexibility so that fiscal adjustment can be targeted on relatively inefficient spending. This study also discusses the long-term fiscal sustainability position of Slovenia using a generational accounting framework. A simulation of retirement incentives suggests that the pension system will encourage individuals to retire earlier than the statutory full pensionable age. These incentives are stronger for low-income earners.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Slovenia; expenditure reform; chapter VI; productivity growth; trade specialization pattern; chapter III; pension base; Pensions; Pension spending; Aging; Health care spending; Retirement; Europe; Western Hemisphere
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Slovenia: 2006 Article IV Consultation: Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of Slovenia
International Monetary Fund
Slovenia is set to become the first among the new European Union member states to adopt the euro. Executive Directors emphasized the need to implement policies that increase productivity, create an efficient business environment and a flexible labor market, and improve sustainability of public finances in the face of population aging. Labor participation is also relatively low among the older and younger working-age population. To deal with these challenges, the authorities should speed up efforts to raise labor utilization by lowering marginal tax rates, improving the target of social benefits and reducing incentives for early retirement.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; EMU convergence price index; euro adoption; Maastricht convergence criteria; inflation criterion; fiscal policy; reform package; Wages; Exports; Europe; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Capital Account Liberalization, Capital Flow Patterns, and Policy Responses in the EU's New Member States
Ms. Zsofia Arvai
This paper discusses the experience of the EU's eight new member countries (EU8) between 1995 and 2003 when the bulk of capital account liberalization took place, focusing on interest-rate-sensitive portfolio flows and financial flows. It takes stock of the lessons from capital flow patterns to draw policy conclusions. There were two distinct groups in terms of the speed of capital account liberalization: rapid liberalizers and cautious liberalizers. The speed of disinflation and the level of public debt were major determinants of the size of interest-rate-sensitive portfolio inflows. Monetary and exchange rate policies were the main instruments used to react to large interest-sensitive inflows, whereas fiscal tightening was seldom used as a direct reaction to inflows.
Keywords:
WP; monetary policy; portfolio inflow; interest rate differential; central bank; debt management; EU accession; capital flows; capital account liberalization; transition country; transmission mechanism; liberalization strategy; candidate country; country authorities' agenda; EU candidate country; market share; country's liberalization strategy; government securities market; Central European country; Capital account; Capital inflows; Baltics