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Middle East and Central Asia > Saudi Arabia

You are looking at 1 - 4 of 4 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies
Ian W.H. Parry
,
Mr. Simon Black
, and
Nate Vernon
This paper provides a comprehensive global, regional, and country-level update of: (i) efficient fossil fuel prices to reflect their full private and social costs; and (ii) subsidies implied by mispricing fuels. The methodology improves over previous IMF analyses through more sophisticated estimation of costs and impacts of reform. Globally, fossil fuel subsidies were $5.9 trillion in 2020 or about 6.8 percent of GDP, and are expected to rise to 7.4 percent of GDP in 2025. Just 8 percent of the 2020 subsidy reflects undercharging for supply costs (explicit subsidies) and 92 percent for undercharging for environmental costs and foregone consumption taxes (implicit subsidies). Efficient fuel pricing in 2025 would reduce global carbon dioxide emissions 36 percent below baseline levels, which is in line with keeping global warming to 1.5 degrees, while raising revenues worth 3.8 percent of global GDP and preventing 0.9 million local air pollution deaths. Accompanying spreadsheets provide detailed results for 191 countries.
Keywords:
fossil fuel subsidies; efficient fuel prices; supply costs; climate change; local air pollution mortality; revenue gains; spreadsheet tools.; fossil fuel subsidy; supply cost; price reform; fossil fuel; fuel user price; Non-renewable resources; Fuel prices; Energy subsidies; Greenhouse gas emissions; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
United Arab Emirates: Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; U.A.E. dirham; gross domestic product; U.S. dollar; U.A.E. University; U.A.E. authorities; oil export price; Oil; Exports; Commercial banks; Imports; Natural gas sector; Middle East
Cover The Middle East and North Africa in a Changing Oil Market
The Middle East and North Africa in a Changing Oil Market
Mr. Bright E Okogu

Abstract

The world oil market has undergone a series of changes that have reduced the share of oil in the global energy balance and, with it, the influence of Middle Eastern oil exporters. In spite of oil’s loss of ground, however, Middle Eastern countries remain at the center of world oil developments. This paper focuses on the developments in the international oil market, the role of Middle Eastern countries therein, and the policy challenges arising from the dependency on oil.

Keywords:
MISC PUBS; Misc.; price; Opec; market share; OPEC output; demand; OPEC grip; OPEC price-setting practice; OPEC oil quota obligation; price collapse; MENA OPEC country; quota policy; price effect; term contract; OPEC reserve; OPEC pricing approach; supply share; reference price; Oil; Oil prices; Oil sector; gas and mining taxes; Natural gas sector; Middle East; Global
Cover The Economy of the Middle East and North Africa in 1997
The Economy of the Middle East and North Africa in 1997
Mr. Mohamed A. El-Erian
and
Ms. Susan Fennell

Abstract

The economy of the Middle East and North Africa improved considerably in 1996, and remained favorable in 1997. This paper, by Mohamed A. El-Erian and Susan Fennell, presents an assessment of the recent experience of the MENA economies and examines prospects for 1998 and beyond.

Keywords:
BOOK; MENA economy; economy; GCC country; country; MENA country; economy of the Middle East and North Africa; market opening reform; wealth-enhancing effect; Oil production; Oil; Oil prices; Natural gas sector; Stock markets; Global; Maghreb; Middle East; Southeast Asia; Europe; North Africa; Asia and Pacific; East Africa