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Middle East and Central Asia > Saudi Arabia

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Cover Departmental Papers
Public Wage Bills in the Middle East and Central Asia
Ms. Natalia T. Tamirisa
and
Mr. Christoph Duenwald
Analysis of policies for managing public sector wage bills in the Middle East and Central Asia region. While some work has been done recently at the Fund on issues related to government employment and compensation, to our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically examine, with a focus on the Middle East and Central Asia region, the recent trends and drivers of public wage bills in the region and to identify key policy implications.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; wage bill; bill reform; private sector; bill policy; bill growth; General government wage; data coverage; Government wage bill; Public employment; Wages; Employment; Public sector wages; Middle East; North Africa; Central Asia and the Caucasus; East Africa; Middle East and Central Asia
Cover Policy Papers
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) - Labor Market Reforms to Boost Employment and Productivity in the GCC
International Monetary Fund
The GCC growth model has delivered substantial improvements in living standards over several decades. Access to foreign labor has supported rapid growth in the non-oil sector and price stability in the region. It has also resulted in positive spillovers to the migrant-sending countries through large remittance flows. At the same time, governments have increased public-sector employment and have helped raise standards of living. However, the growth model has involved costs: the public-sector wage bill is relatively high, there is limited employment of nationals in the private sector, labor productivity has declined or stagnated, and there is limited progress on economic diversification
Keywords:
PP; GCC country; wage subsidy; public-sector wage bill; labor force; foreign worker; wage restriction; employment quota; crowding out; output gap; subsidies temporary; GCC growth model; Employment; Labor markets; Wages; Foreign labor; Employment subsidies; Global
Cover Regional Economic Outlook, October 2008, Middle East and Central Asia
Regional Economic Outlook, October 2008, Middle East and Central Asia
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.

Abstract

Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia underlines that the region has continued to experience strong growth in 2008, and the short-term outlook is generally favorable. However, inflation has emerged as a key issue, and while the global credit crunch has thus far had a limited impact on regional financial markets, the financial turmoil and slowdown in developed economies could lower growth in the period ahead. Policies will need to focus on tightening the fiscal and monetary stance where appropriate, with greater exchange rate flexibility, and continuing efforts to strengthen the resilience of financial sectors.

Keywords:
REO; abbreviation FY; price; MCD country; per capita income; en dash; a number of assumption; country acronym; inflation expectation; inflation risk; Inflation; Public sector wages; Food prices; Commodity prices; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Global; Middle East and Central Asia; Maghreb; Central Asia and the Caucasus; Middle East; North Africa; Oil prices; East Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Union of the Comoros: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper analyzes the decentralization of government in the Union of the Comoros and its economic management functions foreseen under the constitution. The paper examines the special challenge of combining a civil service reform needed to increase the efficiency of the civil service with the decentralization of the civil service foreseen under the new constitution. It discusses developments in a number of civil service indicators that are often used to analyze the government wage bill and employment in relation to economic and fiscal objectives.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; island government; trade regimes of the Comoros; constitution; Comorian authorities; Union government; management structures; wage bill; Civil service; Civil service reform; Exports; Tariffs; Imports; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Emerging Strains in GCC Labor Markets
Mr. Ugo Fasano-Filho
and
Rishi Goyal
Unemployment pressures among nationals are emerging in the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC). 2 At a time when a rapidly growing number of young nationals are entering the labor force and governments are no longer able to act as employers of first and last resort, the non-oil sector continues to rely on expatriate labor to meet its labor requirements in most GCC countries. In this environment, policymakers face the related challenges of addressing unemployment pressures while striking a balance between maintaining a liberal foreign labor policy and a reasonable level of competitiveness of the non-oil sector. Using a matching function framework, this paper examines labor market policies that are likely to expand the ability to hire nationals in the non-oil sector. It finds that an effective labor strategy should focus on strengthening investment in human capital, adopting institutional reforms, and promoting a vibrant non-oil economy.
Keywords:
WP; wage; private sector; GCC country; GCC countries; labor market policies; matching function framework; unemployment rate; reservation wage; wage bill; wage expectation; Labor markets; Wages; Employment; Labor force; Unemployment; Europe; Asia and Pacific