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Middle East and Central Asia > Saudi Arabia

You are looking at 1 - 4 of 4 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
The Long-Run Effects of Tradeon Income and Income Growth
Mr. Allan D. Brunner
This paper examines the dynamic relationship between trade and income. While most economists agree that increased trade leads to an increase in average income, economic theory is ambiguous about the possible effects on the long-run growth rate of the economy. Using a dynamic panel data model, the hypotheses of no long-run effects of trade on income and on income growth are tested explicitly. The possibility of endogeneity is addressed by constructing an instrument for trade by extending Frankel and Romer's (1999) cross-sectional approach to the case of a panel data model. The empirical results indicate that trade has a large and significant effect on the level of income, but the effect on income growth is small and non-robust to model specification.
Keywords:
WP; panel data model; trade liberalization; economic growth; economic development; trade share; income growth; trade openness; trade-output relationship; constructed trade instrument; instrument specification; effects of trade; Personal income; Plurilateral trade; Agroindustries; Estimation techniques; North America; Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Sudan: Recent Economic Developments
International Monetary Fund
This paper reviews economic developments in Sudan during 1997–99. Sudan initiated reforms under the 1997 and 1998 Staff-Monitored Programs. Real GDP growth accelerated modestly to an annual average of about 6 percent during 1997–98. Inflation declined from an average of 133 percent in 1996 to 17 percent in 1998. Fiscal revenue buoyancy has increased markedly after years of stagnation at low levels and, coupled with an improvement in budget control, has succeeded in sharply reducing the overall budget deficit. Aided by positive real rates of returns, financial disintermediation has been halted.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; U.S. dollar; debt service; foreign currency; sales tax; monetary management; private sector; purchase contract; Agricultural commodities; Exports; Agricultural sector; Imports; Tariffs; Middle East
Cover The Uruguay Round and the Arab Countries
The Uruguay Round and the Arab Countries

Abstract

The benefits and challenges of the liberalization measures encompassed under the Uruguay Round were the subject of aseminar sponsored by the IMF, the Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, the Arab Monetary Fund, and the World Bank. The papers presented in this publication, edited by Said El-Naggar, review the results of the Uruguay Round, examine the broad policy and macroeconomic implications of trade reform for the Arab countries, and consider certain of the sectoral trade reform measures - including trade in agricultural product, textiles and clothing, and services- embodied in the Uruguay Round agreement and their impact on the Arab countries.

Keywords:
BOOK; country; Uruguay Round agreement; trade; liberalization; export; GATT system; Uruguay Round result; GATT rule; WTO member; Exports; Agricultural commodities; Tariffs; General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade; Trade barriers; Global; Maghreb; Eastern Europe; Middle East; North Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Niger: Statistical Annex
International Monetary Fund
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; debt service; consumer goods; BCEAO profits; Centrale des Risques; capital goods; factor cost; net factor income; Agricultural commodities; Credit; Exports; Transportation; Agricultural sector; West Africa; Africa