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Middle East and Central Asia > Qatar

You are looking at 1 - 5 of 5 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General x
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Cover Selected Issues Papers
Impact of AI on Singapore's Labor Market: Singapore
Shujaat A Khan
Singapore is well-prepared for AI adoption but stands highly exposed to the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the workplace, due to a large share of skilled workforce. While half of the highly exposed segment of the labor force stands to benefit from the appropriate use of AI to complement their tasks, potentially boosting their productivity, the other half may face greater vulnerability to AI’s disruptive effects due to lower levels of AI complementarity. Estimates suggest that women and younger workers are more exposed to the effects of AI, which, in the absence of appropriate policies, could worsen income inequality in Singapore. Targeted training policies, leveraging on the existing SkillsFuture program, can harness AI's potential. Additionally, focused upskilling can mitigate the disruptive impact of AI on vulnerable workers.
Keywords:
AI exposure; AI complementarity; AI adoption; disruptive effect; impact of AI; Artificial intelligence; Labor markets; Labor force; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Exposure to Artificial Intelligence and Occupational Mobility: A Cross-Country Analysis
Mauro Cazzaniga
,
Carlo Pizzinelli
,
Emma J Rockall
, and
Marina Mendes Tavares
We document historical patterns of workers' transitions across occupations and over the life-cycle for different levels of exposure and complementarity to Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Brazil and the UK. In both countries, college-educated workers frequently move from high-exposure, low-complementarity occupations (those more likely to be negatively affected by AI) to high-exposure, high-complementarity ones (those more likely to be positively affected by AI). This transition is especially common for young college-educated workers and is associated with an increase in average salaries. Young highly educated workers thus represent the demographic group for which AI-driven structural change could most expand opportunities for career progression but also highly disrupt entry into the labor market by removing stepping-stone jobs. These patterns of “upward” labor market transitions for college-educated workers look broadly alike in the UK and Brazil, suggesting that the impact of AI adoption on the highly educated labor force could be similar across advanced economies and emerging markets. Meanwhile, non-college workers in Brazil face markedly higher chances of moving from better-paid high-exposure and low-complementarity occupations to low-exposure ones, suggesting a higher risk of income loss if AI were to reduce labor demand for the former type of jobs.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligence; Employment; Occupations; Emerging Markets; AI adoption; college-educated worker; structural change; stepping-stone job; workers in Brazil; Labor markets; Wages; Labor force
Cover IMF Working Papers
Mining the Gap: Extracting Firms’ Inflation Expectations From Earnings Calls
Silvia Albrizio
,
Allan Dizioli
, and
Pedro Vitale Simon
Using a novel approach involving natural language processing (NLP) algorithms, we construct a new cross-country index of firms' inflation expectations from earnings call transcripts. Our index has a high correlation with existing survey-based measures of firms' inflation expectations, it is robust to external validation tests and is built using a new method that outperforms other NLP algorithms. In an application of our index to United States, we uncover some facts related to firm's inflation expectations. We show that higher expected inflation translates into future inflation. Going into the firms level dimension of our index, we show departures from a rational framework in firms' inflation expectations and that firms' attention to the central enhances monetary policy effectiveness.
Keywords:
rms' inflation expectations; Firms' earnings calls transcripts; Natural Language processing; GPT3.5; Monetary policy; inflation expectation; expectation index; monetary policy effectiveness; firms attention; expectations disagreement; Inflation; Artificial intelligence; Wages; Futures; Consumer price indexes; Global
Cover Regional Economic Outlook, October 2008, Middle East and Central Asia
Regional Economic Outlook, October 2008, Middle East and Central Asia
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.

Abstract

Regional Economic Outlook: Middle East and Central Asia underlines that the region has continued to experience strong growth in 2008, and the short-term outlook is generally favorable. However, inflation has emerged as a key issue, and while the global credit crunch has thus far had a limited impact on regional financial markets, the financial turmoil and slowdown in developed economies could lower growth in the period ahead. Policies will need to focus on tightening the fiscal and monetary stance where appropriate, with greater exchange rate flexibility, and continuing efforts to strengthen the resilience of financial sectors.

Keywords:
REO; abbreviation FY; price; MCD country; per capita income; en dash; a number of assumption; country acronym; inflation expectation; inflation risk; Inflation; Public sector wages; Food prices; Commodity prices; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Global; Middle East and Central Asia; Maghreb; Central Asia and the Caucasus; Middle East; North Africa; Oil prices; East Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Emerging Strains in GCC Labor Markets
Mr. Ugo Fasano-Filho
and
Rishi Goyal
Unemployment pressures among nationals are emerging in the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC). 2 At a time when a rapidly growing number of young nationals are entering the labor force and governments are no longer able to act as employers of first and last resort, the non-oil sector continues to rely on expatriate labor to meet its labor requirements in most GCC countries. In this environment, policymakers face the related challenges of addressing unemployment pressures while striking a balance between maintaining a liberal foreign labor policy and a reasonable level of competitiveness of the non-oil sector. Using a matching function framework, this paper examines labor market policies that are likely to expand the ability to hire nationals in the non-oil sector. It finds that an effective labor strategy should focus on strengthening investment in human capital, adopting institutional reforms, and promoting a vibrant non-oil economy.
Keywords:
WP; wage; private sector; GCC country; GCC countries; labor market policies; matching function framework; unemployment rate; reservation wage; wage bill; wage expectation; Labor markets; Wages; Employment; Labor force; Unemployment; Europe; Asia and Pacific