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Political Science > Agriculture & Food Policy

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Burkina Faso: demande d’un nouvel accord économique et financier au titre du mécanisme élargi de crédit et de la facilité élargie de crédit-communiqué de presse; rapport des services du FMI; déclaration de l’administrateur FMI pour le Burkina Faso
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Le Burkina Faso est confronté à d’importants besoins en matière de balance des paiements et de sécurité aggravés par une insécurité alimentaire aiguë et une instabilité politique. Les autorités ont obtenu en mars 2023 un financement d’urgence de la part du FMI au titre du guichet « chocs alimentaires » de la facilité de crédit rapide pour répondre à la crise provoquée par l’insécurité alimentaire, qui demeure très vive dans certaines régions. L’aide internationale au développement a diminué après les deux coups d’État militaires survenus en 2022. Le Burkina Faso est parvenu à un accord avec la Communauté économique des États d’Afrique de l’Ouest (CEDEAO) sur un retour à l’ordre constitutionnel et des élections doivent se dérouler d’ici juillet 2024.
Keywords:
crise de l’insécurité alimentaire; la mise en œuvre de l’intervention d’urgence alimentaire; la mise en œuvre par les autorités; les dépenses alimentaires d’urgence; déficit de financement; Viabilité de la dette; Planification et préparation du budget; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Burkina Faso: Request for a Four-Year Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Burkina Faso
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This paper discusses Burkina Faso’s Request for a Four-Year Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF). Burkina Faso faces protracted balance of payments problems, reflecting large development needs and the impact of shocks such as the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, adverse weather conditions, deteriorating domestic security, the food insecurity crisis, and spillovers from Russia’s war in Ukraine. These shocks have disrupted economic activity, affected livelihoods, and exacerbated macroeconomic imbalances. The ECF will help create fiscal space for priority spending, strengthen resilience to shocks while reducing poverty, and bolster fiscal discipline, transparency and governance. It will also help close financing gaps reflecting tight financial conditions, large fiscal deficits, debt vulnerabilities, food insecurity, and fragile security conditions. For the country’s long-term development process, it remains essential to sustain structural reforms to foster economic growth and diversification as well as to reduce poverty. In this context, further efforts to improve the business environment, reinforce governance and anticorruption efforts, and address the security crisis are critical.
Keywords:
food insecurity crisis; implementation of the food emergency response; authorities' implementation; emergency food expenditure; financing gap; Debt sustainability; Budget planning and preparation; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Mali: 2023 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; Staff Supplement; and Statement by the Executive Director for Mali
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This 2023 Article IV Consultation highlights that Mali’s economy has been hit by multiple shocks since 2020 but remained resilient in 2022 amid high inflation. Real gross domestic product (GDP) growth increased from 3.1 percent in 2021 to 3.7 percent in 2022, despite elevated security and socio-political challenges, regional sanctions in the first half of 2022 and a high incidence of food insecurity. Growth is projected to rebound to over 5 percent in 2023 and 2024, assuming strong agricultural and gold output. However, the economic outlook is subject to significant downside risks. They include a worsening security situation, potential election delays, volatile international commodity prices, tighter global financial conditions, and climate risks. The government’s fiscal deficit reflects a rapid increase in security spending, public wages, and the interest bill, which are crowding out growth-friendly spending including those on the social safety net and capital investment. Mali’s current account deficit improved slightly in 2022, down to 6.9 percent of GDP from 7.5 percent in 2021, on account of higher gold exports and lower capital goods imports.
Keywords:
Malian authorities' effort; authorities' roadmap; B. financing condition; concerted effort; medium-term projection; Government debt management; Debt sustainability; Global; West Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Central African Republic: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Selected Issues
Keywords:
reforming fuel price; import cost audit; cryptographic ambition; CAR authorities; fuel products; Virtual currencies; Food security; Fuel prices; Price structures; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Central African Republic: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper on the fintech and crypto assets in the Central African Republic (CAR). CAR’s initial steps in the form of the 2022 crypto law have created legal uncertainties at the Central African Economic and Monetary Community level and raised numerous concerns but some of the most controversial provisions have been recently revised. The authorities have proceeded with the launch of a digital coin named Sango and namesake platform-ecosystem with multifaceted features. While only a limited amount of coins have been issued and other elements of the project have not been launched, project Sango has attracted considerable interest as it can potentially bring opportunities through digitization, while also raising complex risks. This range from macro-fiscal and financial to financial integrity, governance, consumer protection and others. The Sango project appears too complex, creating interconnectedness between multiple sectors and private and public balance sheets in a manner, which could raise systemic risks, pointing to the importance of reconsidering the existing blueprint.
Keywords:
reforming fuel price; import cost audit; cryptographic ambition; CAR authorities; fuel products; Virtual currencies; Food security; Fuel prices; Price structures; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Nigeria: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper presents stylized facts about food insecurity in Nigeria, investigates its drivers in a cross-country setting, and assesses the role of policies. The paper describes regional aspects of Nigeria’s food insecurity and compares the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 and the war in Ukraine on food security in Nigeria and other countries. It also provides an overview of agricultural production and consumption in Nigeria. The paper investigates the drivers of food security using an empirical cross-country framework including demand, supply, and price factors, and offers thoughts on policies to improve agricultural yields and production. The important role of inputs is evident in the policy experience of comparator countries. Nigeria has achieved a substantial increase in agricultural production associated with its policies but some have been less successful. Import dependency for key staples has not fallen and the cost of these agricultural products remains driven by international prices. Further, central bank credit to the agricultural sector has not succeeded in increasing production beyond the stimulus of high rainfall and high food prices.
Keywords:
EIU FOOD INSECURITY index; World wheat price inflation; tax revenue mobilization; food supply; fuel subsidy reform; food price inflation; Mobile banking; Financial inclusion; Food security; Excises; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Central African Economic and Monetary Community: Staff Report on the Common Policies of Member Countries, and Common Policies in Support of Member Countries Reform Programs-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This paper presents Central African Economic and Monetary Community’s (CEMAC) IMF Staff report on Common Policies of Member Countries and Common Policies in Support of Member Countries Reform Programs. The positive terms-of-trade shock amidst the fallout from Russia’s war in Ukraine has broadly benefited CEMAC, reinforcing its external position and gradual post-pandemic recovery. Regional authorities tightened monetary policy and normalized prudential regulation in 2022, while continuing to advance the reform agenda. Global inflation pressures have passed through to domestic prices, putting pressure on real incomes. Rebuilding buffers and sustaining a recovery that protects the most vulnerable will require stricter adherence to budget and reform plans consistent with IMF-supported programs and policy advice; this will ensure that part of the oil windfall is saved. Implementation of these policies in current favorable conditions is critical to strengthening resilience in the face of rising risks, including most notably to food security, debt vulnerabilities, and tightening of global financial conditions. A prudent management of the oil windfall and faster progress on deep structural and governance reforms are pivotal for laying the foundations for a more diversified, inclusive, and sustainable growth.
Keywords:
CEMAC authorities; IMF article; CEMAC country; consultation discussion; CEMAC member country; Oil prices; Inflation; Fiscal stance; Liquidity; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Burkina Faso: Fifth Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria—Staff Report; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
The number of Malian refugees in Burkina Faso has increased, but the government’s contribution remains in line with earlier estimates. Growth for 2012 has been revised upward to 8 percent. The overall fiscal deficit is significantly lower than anticipated. The current account is expected to improve next year. There is significant improvement in revenue collection. The authorities are stepping up efforts to improve resilience to shocks. Efforts are under way to improve debt management capacity. The mining taxation regime needs to rebalance the interests of investors.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; ECF arrangement; program; priority investment spending; macroeconomic performance; revenue; IMF's executive board; investment spending; Food security; Gold; Agricultural commodities; Mining sector; West Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Burkina Faso: Quatrième revue de l'accord triennal au titre de la facilité élargie de crédit et demande de modification de critères de réalisation et d'augmentation de l'accès aux ressources — Rapport des services du FMI; analyse de viabilité de la dette; communiqué de presse publié à l'issue des travaux du Conseil d'administration et déclaration de l'administrateur du FMI pour le Burkina Faso.
International Monetary Fund
Depuis plusieurs années, le FMI publie un nombre croissant de rapports et autres documents couvrant l'évolution et les tendances économiques et financières dans les pays membres. Chaque rapport, rédigé par une équipe des services du FMI à la suite d'entretiens avec des représentants des autorités, est publié avec l'accord du pays concerné.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financing; ECF arrangement; real GDP; debt; authority
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Burkina Faso: Fourth Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria and Augmentation of Access: Staff Report; Debt Sustainability Analysis; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Burkina Faso.
International Monetary Fund
This paper presents findings of the Fourth Review Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement for Burkina Faso. Near-term policy discussions focused on specifying 2012 financing needs arising from the shocks to help prevent crowding out the authorities’ development program—Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Development. The authorities have implemented decisive adjustment measures, without which financing needs would be much higher. Program performance was strong in 2011, despite domestic social unrest and political turmoil in neighboring Côte d’Ivoire. All quantitative performance criteria and all indicative targets were met.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financing; ECF arrangement; real GDP; debt; authority; growth return; policy environment; homegrown development program; food crisis response; Burkina Faso's authorities; debt policy; Current spending; Debt sustainability analysis; Tax administration core functions; Capital spending; West Africa; Global; Europe