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Political Science > Agriculture & Food Policy

You are looking at 1 - 8 of 8 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Investing in Climate Adaptation under Trade and Financing Constraints: Balanced Strategies for Food Security
Chen Chen
,
Koralai Kirabaeva
, and
Danchen Zhao
Financially constrained governments, particularly in emerging and developing economies, tend to face a fiscal trade-off between adapting to climate change impacts and pursuing broader development goals. This trade-off is especially relevant in the agriculture sector, where investing in adaptation is critical to ensure food security amidst climate change. International trade can help alleviate this challenge and reduce adaptation investment needs by offsetting agricultural production shortages. However, in the presence of trade fragmentation, the adaptive role of trade diminishes, exacerbating food insecurity and increasing investment needs for adaptation. In this paper, we present a model to guide policymakers in deciding on the cost-efficient balance between investing in adaptation in the agricultural sector versus in broader development under financing and trade constraints. We apply the model to Ghana, Egypt, and Brazil, to examine the adaptation-development trade-off and highlight factors that would potentially lower adaptation investment needs. These factors include trade openness, higher agricultural productivity and efficiency of adaptation spending, and reduced labor market distortions. The key takeaways from the model applications suggest that (i) promoting trade openness and accessing concessional finance for adaptation help tackle climate challenges and ensure food security in lower-income countries; and (ii) domestic structural reforms are necessary to facilitate adaptation investments and reduce investment needs, by improving labor market flexibility, adaptation efficiency, and agriculture productivity.
Keywords:
agriculture; investment; adaptation; trade; climate change; adaptation investment; trade openness; trade cost; development investment; trade fragmentation; Agricultural sector; Food security; Agricultural production; Global
Cover Selected Issues Papers
Food Insecurity and Climate Shocks in Madagascar: Republic of Madagascar
Dominique Fayad
Food insecurity dramatically increased in Madagascar over the last 10 years, hampering human development. Using most recent data and surveys conducted by UN Agencies and local authorities, this paper analyzes the root causes of food insecurity in Madagascar related to demographic vulnerabilities, multidimensional poverty, lack of education, as well as structural weaknesses in the food value chain and the lack of basic infrastructure, such as irrigation and transportation, that hamper agricultural activity development. Moreover, Madagascar is exposed to a large variety of climate shocks that climate change will likely exacerbate. This paper formulates country specific macroeconomic and operational policy recommendations in collaboration with the World Food Program to reduce food insecurity, which include i) measures to improve the emergency response and preparedness, ii) policies to address structural food insecurity, by improving the food chain and addressing challenges posed by climate shocks, and iii) measures to improve Green PFM and climate related public investment management to invest in long-term resilience and mobilize external financing.
Keywords:
Food Insecurity; Climate Change; Public Finance; Madagascar; food value chain; policy recommendation; value chain; climate change risk; food inflation; food consumption; Natural disasters; Food security; Global; Caribbean; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Niger: Rapport des services du FMI pour les consultations de 2014 au titre de l’article IV et quatrième et cinquième revues combinées de l’accord au titre de la facilité élargie de crédit et demande de dérogation pour la non-observation de critères de réalisation et de modification de critères de réalisation
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Ce rapport pour les consultations de 2014 au titre de l'article IV indique que dans l’ensemble, les résultats macroéconomiques du Niger ont été globalement satisfaisants. Après le ralentissement économique enregistré en 2013 en raison de la situation sécuritaire dans la région et des conditions climatiques défavorables, la croissance a rebondi en 2014. L’inflation a été maîtrisée en partie grâce aux efforts consentis par le gouvernement pour améliorer la sécurité alimentaire et le fonctionnement des marchés. Cependant, le programme a affiché des résultats mitigés, l’effet conjugué de dépenses sécuritaires et alimentaires imprévues et d’un déficit de financement extérieur ayant mis à mal la gestion budgétaire. À court terme, pour assurer la viabilité des finances publiques, il est essentiel de maîtriser le déficit budgétaire, grâce à des mesures destinées à améliorer la politique et l’administration fiscales, à réformer l’administration douanière et à réduire les exonérations.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financing; debt; real GDP; deficit
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Niger: Staff Report for the 2014 Article IV Consultation and Fourth and Fifth Reviews Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement and Request for Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria and Modification of Performance Criteria
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This 2014 Article IV Consultation highlights that Niger’s overall macroeconomic performance has been broadly satisfactory. After the economic slowdown in 2013 owing to the regional security situation and adverse climatic conditions, economic growth has rebounded in 2014. Inflation has been contained, in part owing to the government’s efforts to improve food security and the functioning of food markets. However, program performance has been mixed, as a combination of unexpected security and food expenditures and a shortfall in external financing have strained fiscal management. In the near term, containing the fiscal deficit through measures to improve tax policy and administration, reform customs administration, and reduce exemptions is essential to ensure sustainability.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financing; debt; real GDP; deficit; public finance management; ECF review; envisaged revenue administration measure; food expenditure; expenditure pressure; Government debt management; Food security; West Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; IMF arrangement
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Burkina Faso: Quatrième revue de l'accord triennal au titre de la facilité élargie de crédit et demande de modification de critères de réalisation et d'augmentation de l'accès aux ressources — Rapport des services du FMI; analyse de viabilité de la dette; communiqué de presse publié à l'issue des travaux du Conseil d'administration et déclaration de l'administrateur du FMI pour le Burkina Faso.
International Monetary Fund
Depuis plusieurs années, le FMI publie un nombre croissant de rapports et autres documents couvrant l'évolution et les tendances économiques et financières dans les pays membres. Chaque rapport, rédigé par une équipe des services du FMI à la suite d'entretiens avec des représentants des autorités, est publié avec l'accord du pays concerné.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financing; ECF arrangement; real GDP; debt; authority
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Burkina Faso: Fourth Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria and Augmentation of Access: Staff Report; Debt Sustainability Analysis; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Burkina Faso.
International Monetary Fund
This paper presents findings of the Fourth Review Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement for Burkina Faso. Near-term policy discussions focused on specifying 2012 financing needs arising from the shocks to help prevent crowding out the authorities’ development program—Strategy for Accelerated Growth and Sustainable Development. The authorities have implemented decisive adjustment measures, without which financing needs would be much higher. Program performance was strong in 2011, despite domestic social unrest and political turmoil in neighboring Côte d’Ivoire. All quantitative performance criteria and all indicative targets were met.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financing; ECF arrangement; real GDP; debt; authority; growth return; policy environment; homegrown development program; food crisis response; Burkina Faso's authorities; debt policy; Current spending; Debt sustainability analysis; Tax administration core functions; Capital spending; West Africa; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste: 2009 Article IV Consultation: Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
International Monetary Fund
This 2009 Article IV Consultation on Timor-Leste highlights that the Timorese economy has posted high economic growth over the past two years, driven by rapid increases in government spending and a recovery in agriculture from a 2007 drought. Central government spending rose sharply in 2008, reflecting efforts to address pressing development needs and secure social cohesion. Executive Directors have welcomed the recently announced moderation in government spending. Directors have also supported the prudent approach toward widening the fund’s investment portfolio.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; authority; Timorese authorities; country; government; Timorese authority; land law; revenue decline; country well; petroleum revenue; Oil; Oil prices; Budget planning and preparation; Capital spending; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Niger: First Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility, and Requests for Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria and Augmentation of Access—Staff Report; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Niger
International Monetary Fund
Niger’s First Review Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility, and Requests for Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria and Augmentation of Access are discussed. The sharp rise in food prices pushed up inflation in 2005, while the food shortage affected one-fourth of the population, resulting in malnutrition and the spread of diseases, especially among children. Increased drought-related imports and a significant deterioration in the terms of trade, mainly because of higher oil prices, have weakened Niger’s external position.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; PRGF arrangement; financing; PRGF loan; government; economy; government finances; IMF support; customs administration reform; Arrears; Poverty reduction strategy; Capital spending; Total expenditures; West Africa