Narrow Your Choices

Refine By Topic

Refine By Series

Refine By Language

Refine By Date

—

Refine By IMF Taxonomy

Refine By JEL Taxonomy

Refine by LOC Taxonomy

Refine By THEMA Taxonomy

  • Print
  • Save

Europe > Norway

You are looking at 1 - 5 of 5 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Labor Economics Policies x
Clear All Modify Search
Cover Selected Issues Papers
Japan’s Fertility: More Children Please
Kohei Asao
,
Danila Smirnov
, and
TengTeng Xu
Japan’s fertility has declined in the past three decades. Raising Japan’s fertility rate is a key policy priority for the government. Using cross-country analysis and case studies, this paper finds that the most successful measure to support the fertility rate is the provision of childcare facilities, particularly for children aged 0-2. Offering stronger incentives for the use of paternity leave can alleviate the burden of childcare on mothers, supporting fertility. On the other hand, there is limited evidence that cash transfers are effective in supporting fertility, based on international experience.
Keywords:
Fertility; childcare; gender; labor market; fertility growth; TengTeng xu; Japan's fertility; fertility rate; fertility rate growth; Women; Gender inequality; Gender diversity; Employment; Aging; East Asia
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Nordic Labor Market and Migration
Giang Ho
and
Ms. Kazuko Shirono
The large influx of migrants to Nordic countries in recent years is challenging the adoptability of Nordic labor market institutions while also adding to potential growth. This paper examines the trends, economic drivers, and labor market implications of migration to Nordic countries with a particular focus on economic migration as distinct from the recent large flows of asylum seekers. Our analysis finds that migration inflows to the Nordics are influenced by both cyclical and structural factors. Although migration helpfully dampens overheating pressures during periods of strong demand, and over the longer term will cushion the decline in labor supply from population aging, in the near-term unemployment can rise, especially among the young and lower-skilled. The analysis highlights the need to adapt Nordic labor market institutions in a manner that better facilitates the integration of migrants into employment. In particular, greater wage flexibility at the firm level and continued strong active labor market measures will help improve labor market outcomes among immigrants.
Keywords:
WP; migration flow; EU migration; migration inflow; net migration rate; Nordic countries; migration; labor market; unemployment; Nordic model; Denmark; Finland; Norway; Sweden; labor market outcome; labor market duality; migration rate; EU labor market; wage differential; labor market development; labor market experience; host country labor market; migration literature; Labor markets; Unemployment rate; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
What Can Boost Female Labor Force Participation in Asia?
Yuko Kinoshita
and
Fang Guo
Both Japan and Korea are trying to boost female labor force participation (FLFP) as they face the challenges of a rapidly aging population. Though FLFP has generally been on a rising trend, the female labor force in both countries is skewed towards non-regular employment despite women’s high education levels. This paper empirically examines what helps Japan and Korea to increase FLFP by type (i.e., regular vs. non-regular employment), using the SVAR model. In so doing, we compare these two Asian countries with two Nordic countries Norway and Finland. The main findings are: (i) child cash allowances tend to reduce the proportion of regular female employment in Japan and Korea, (ii) the persistent gender wage gap encourages more non-regular employment, (iii) a greater proportion of regular female employment is associated with higher fertility, and (iv) there is a need for more public spending on childcare for age 6-11 in Japan and Korea to help women continue to work.
Keywords:
WP; Japan; country; wage; female labor force participation; fertility; labor market duality; wage gap; impulse response; Nordic country; labor force; seniority wage feature; Women; Employment; Gender inequality; Labor force; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Denmark: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
The paper discusses the flexicurity model, its key policy elements, and association with a low unemployment rate and a high standard of social security for the unemployed. It provides details of an empirical analysis of unemployment performance and the flexicurity model. It also presents selected stylized facts about Danish housing price developments and focuses on tax treatment affecting the market. It also shows an empirical result on developments in the housing finance market and in the Danish taxation of housing.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; mortgage; labor market policy; house price; policy variable; mortgage loan; low-unemployment equilibrium; Housing prices; Mortgages; Unemployment rate; Active labor market policies; Loans; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Do Active Labor Market Policies Increase Employment?
Mr. Marcello M. Estevão
Using panel data for 15 industrial countries, active labor market policies (ALMPs) are shown to have raised employment rates in the business sector in the 1990s, after controlling for many institutions, country-specific effects, and economic variables. Among such policies, direct subsidies to job creation were the most effective. ALMPs also affected employment rates by reducing real wages below levels allowed by technological growth, changes in the unemployment rate, and institutional and other economic factors. However, part of this wage moderation may be linked to a composition effect because policies were targeted to low-paid individuals. Whether ALMPs are cost-effective from a budgetary perspective remains to be determined, but they are certainly not substitutes for comprehensive institutional reforms.
Keywords:
WP; ALMPs Affect Employment; labour market; expenditure; Unemployment; employment rate; labor market policies; wages; bargaining; ALMP expenditure; employment protection index change sign; creation effect; employment protection law; effect of ALMPs; job-search efficiency; replacement rate; employment creation; employment rate specification; labour market training; expenditures in labor market policy; label of active labor market policies; Employment; Active labor market policies; Labor market policy; Europe