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Europe > Norway

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 16 items for :

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Finland: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note on Crisis Management and Resolution
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This technical note focuses on Crisis Management and Resolution for the Finland Financial Sector Assessment Program. These recent developments reinforce the need for full operational readiness in the Finnish authorities’ crisis management arrangements. The authorities have made progress in developing crisis management capabilities and procedures, as well as gathering practical experience from recent events. Enhancing crisis management capacity within and between authorities is essential to ensure effective implementation in a coordinated manner of agreed crisis management plans, including for bank resolution. The authorities should increase the centralization of the coordination of the authorities’ respective preparation for, as well as management of, future crises in the Crisis Management Cooperation Group. On deposit guarantee arrangements, the Finnish Financial Stability Authority Deposit Guarantee Fund should ensure that it has sufficient funds under its direct control to ensure its financial autonomy, including through strengthened backstop funding arrangements.
Keywords:
implementing Resolution tool; crisis simulation exercise; EU bank recovery; resolution planning; C. authority crisis management capability; Crisis management; Bank resolution framework; Bank resolution; Crisis resolution; Baltics; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Revisiting the Monetary Transmission Mechanism Through an Industry-Level Differential Approach
Sangyup Choi
,
Tim Willems
, and
Seung Yong Yoo
We combine industry-level data on output and prices with monetary policy shock estimates for 105 countries to analyze how the effects of monetary policy vary with industry characteristics. Next to being interesting in their own right, our findings are informative on the importance of various transmission mechanisms (as they are thought to vary systematically with the included characteristics). Results suggest that monetary contractions reduce output by more in industries featuring assets that are more difficult to collateralize, consistent with the credit channel, followed by industries producing durables, as predicted by the interest rate channel. The credit channel is stronger during bad times as well as in countries with lower levels of financial development, in line with financial accelerator logic. We do not find support for the cost channel of monetary policy, nor for a channel running via exports. Our database (containing estimated monetary policy shocks for over 170 countries) may be of independent interest to researchers.
Keywords:
Monetary policy transmission; Industry growth; Financial frictions; Asymmetry in transmissions; balance sheet channel; channel of monetary policy; differential approach; IMF working papers; monetary policy stance; Financial statements; Central bank policy rate; Exchange rates; Monetary tightening; Export fluctuations; Global; credit channel; monetary policy shock; effects of monetary policy; x MPS; shock series; Credit; Financial sector development
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Dynamics of Non-Performing Loans during Banking Crises: A New Database
Mr. Anil Ari
,
Sophia Chen
, and
Mr. Lev Ratnovski
This paper presents a new dataset on the dynamics of non-performing loans (NPLs) during 88 banking crises since 1990. The data show similarities across crises during NPL build-ups but less so during NPL resolutions. We find a close relationship between NPL problems—elevated and unresolved NPLs—and the severity of post-crisis recessions. A machine learning approach identifies a set of pre-crisis predictors of NPL problems related to weak macroeconomic, institutional, corporate, and banking sector conditions. Our findings suggest that reducing pre-crisis vulnerabilities and promptly addressing NPL problems during a crisis are important for post-crisis output recovery.
Keywords:
WP; NPL resolution; peak npls; NPL dynamics; elevated npls; NPL ratio; peak NPL; elevated NPL; banking crisis; Nonperforming loans; Banking crises; Loans; Global; Asia and Pacific; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Norway: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This Selected Issues paper describes wages and competitiveness in Norway. Norway may have to downwardly revise its expectations for wage growth if it is to avoid a significant loss of competitiveness and manage the transition to a less oil-dependent economy. Norway was able to afford very high wage growth in the past (notwithstanding the noted challenges in several sectors) thanks to good fortune in its terms of trade. Going forward, it would be prudent not to count on being fortunate twice: wage moderation would help build resilience in case of less favorable trends in international prices. It would also help facilitate the needed transition out of oil by supporting sectors that did not benefit from past terms of trade gains. Communication from the government can continue to help in managing public expectations. Fiscal policy plays a key role in promoting competitiveness and containing the spending effect of Dutch Disease. After a prolonged expansion of fiscal policy—partly enabled by large valuation gains of the sovereign wealth fund—it is now appropriate to gradually start tightening fiscal policy. The ongoing up-cycle provides an ideal setting to get started on structural consolidation, which will ultimately be needed to face to address aging pressures.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Norway; house price; GDP; financial asset; IMF staff estimate; terms of trade gain; IFNW signal; mainland GDP; Housing prices; Asset prices; Wages; Asset bubbles; Housing; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Financial Crises, Macroeconomic Shocks, and the Government Balance Sheet: A Panel Analysis
Matteo Ruzzante
Government financial assets are increasingly recognized as playing an important role in assessing fiscal sustainability. However, very little research has been done on the dynamics of government financial assets compared to liabilities. In this paper, we investigate the impact of recent financial crises and macroeconomic shocks on government balance sheets, decomposing the separate effects on financial assets and liabilities. Using quarterly Government Finance Statistics (GFS) data, we analyze a panel of 27 countries over the period 1999Q1-2017Q1 through fixed effects and panel VAR techniques. Financial crises are shown to deteriorate the net financial worth of governments, but no significant impact is found on assets suggesting that they are not being used as fiscal buffers in bad times. On the contrary, countries that suffered both financial and banking crises experienced an “artificial” increase of their asset position through bank bailouts. Macroeconomic shock analyses reveal that government balance sheet items are countercyclical, but important asymmetries are found in their dynamics.
Keywords:
WP; interest rate; exchange rate; Government Financial Assets; Government Debt; Financial Crisis; Banking Crisis; Debt Sustainability Analysis; government balance sheet variable; foreign currency; market value; government balance sheet; capital structure; financial crisis intensity; government balance sheets of EME; transmission mechanism; dynamics of financial assets and liability; stabilization policy; gross debt; Financial statements; Government liabilities; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Norway: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note-Crisis Management, Bank Resolution, and Financial Sector Safety Nets
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This Technical Note reviews crisis management, bank resolution, and financial sector safety nets in Norway. Arrangements for crisis management, bank and group resolution, and the financial sector safety nets are well developed and tested in Norway. Roles, responsibilities, accountabilities, and information-sharing arrangements among the relevant bodies are generally well defined and functioning. The current legal framework provides substantial powers and flexibility to deal with failing or failed banks but needs to be strengthened in several respects. The Financial Supervisory Authority has begun to implement a recovery plan requirement for the largest banks. The authorities also make good use of simulation exercises to enhance crisis preparedness.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; MREL requirements; articles of association; banks assets; concern resolution; guarantee funds; problem bank; solvency support; lead resolution authority; MREL requirement; size bank; FSA responsibility; FSA comment; banking group; saving bank; Bank resolution framework; Financial stability assessment; Bank resolution; Financial sector stability; Global
Cover Policy Papers
Monetary Policy and Financial Stability
International Monetary Fund
The issue of using monetary policy for financial stability purposes is hotly contested. The crisis was a reminder that price stability is not sufficient for financial stability, financial crises are costly, and policy should aim to decrease the likelihood of crises, not only rely on dealing with their repercussions once they occur. It is clear that well-targeted prudential policies (including micro and macroprudential regulation and supervision) should be pursued actively to attenuate the buildup of financial risks. The question is whether monetary policy should be altered to contain financial stability risks. Should it lend a hand by temporarily raising interest rates more than warranted by price and output stability objectives? Keeping rates persistently higher is also possible, but more costly.
Keywords:
PP; monetary policy shock; transmission mechanism; interest rate hike; credit growth; prudential policy; basis point; asset price; financial system; interest rate shock; crisis risk; Financial sector stability; Credit; Inflation; Financial sector risk; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Bank Funding Costs for International Banks
Miss Rita Babihuga
and
Marco Spaltro
This paper investigates the determinants of bank funding costs for a sample of internationally active banks from 2001–12. We find that changes in banks’ unsecured funding costs are associated with bank-specific characteristics such as an institution’s credit worthiness and the return on its market value, and importantly, on the level and quality of capital. Similarly, market factors such as the level of investor risk appetite, as well as shocks to financial markets—notably the US subprime crisis and the Euro Area sovereign debt crisis—have also been key drivers of the sharp rise in bank funding costs. We also find evidence that large systemically important institutions have enjoyed a funding advantage, and that this advantage has risen since the onset of the two crises. With the exception of Euro Area periphery banks, by end-2012 the rise in funding costs had generally been reversed for most major banks as a result of improvments in bank asset quality as well as steps taken to increase resilience, notably higher capitalization. Our results suggest increased capital buffers may potentially support bank lending to the real economy by reducing bank funding costs.
Keywords:
WP; funding cost; CDS premia; EA bank; bank profitability; bank funding; bank lending; financial crises; capital; deposit; wholesale funding; EA bank CDS premia; balance sheet health; periphery bank; bank capital; funding model; EA periphery bank; balance sheet determinant; bank equity financing; result bank; Credit default swap; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Short term interest rates; Bank credit; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Procyclical Behavior of Institutional Investors During the Recent Financial Crisis: Causes, Impacts, and Challenges
Mr. Michael G. Papaioannou
,
Mr. Joonkyu Park
,
Jukka Pihlman
, and
Han van der Hoorn
This paper (i) provides evidence on the procyclical investment behavior of major institutional investors during the global financial crisis; (ii) identifies the main factors that could account for such behavior; (iii) discusses the implications of procyclical behavior; and (iv) proposes a framework for sound investment practices for long-term investors. Such procyclical investment behavior is understandable and may be considered rational from an individual institution’s perspective. However, our main conclusion is that behaving in a manner consistent with longterm investing would lead to better long-term, risk-adjusted returns and, importantly, could lessen the potential adverse effects of the procyclical investment behavior of institutional investors on global financial stability.
Keywords:
WP; flight to quality; investment behavior; long-term investor; risk tolerance; asset owner; hedge fund; individual investor; investment horizon; sovereign investor; Financial crisis; long-term investments; institutional investors; procyclicality; asset allocation; asset class; endowment fund; Pension spending; Asset allocation; Liquidity; Mutual funds; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Nordic Regional Report: 2013 Cluster Consultation
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This paper examines 2013 Cluster Consultation—a Nordic Regional IMF staff report. Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden that form the Nordic region share a set of strong economic and social institutions and policies, with emphasis on education, high income equality, high employment, innovative and competitive business environment, etc. The IMF report suggests that strong national financial sector policies and regional cooperation would help mitigate common challenges and shared risks. Cooperative regional policies, such as introducing binding macroprudential minima and clear ex ante burden-sharing arrangements are expected to help limit the costs from any large bank failures.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; bank; country; authority; debt; risk weight; host country decision; distressed bank; covered bonds bond market; household debt; Housing prices; Mortgages; Commercial banks; Housing; Global; Baltics