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Europe > Norway

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 13 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities; Redistributive Effects; Environmental Taxes and Subsidies x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Cash Flow Analysis of Fiscal Regimes for Extractive Industries
Thomas Benninger
,
Dan Devlin
,
Eduardo Camero Godinez
, and
Nate Vernon
Mining and petroleum projects share characteristics distinguishing them from other sectors of the economy, which has led to the use of dedicated fiscal regimes for these projects. The IMF’s Fiscal Affairs Department uses fiscal modeling to evaluate extractive industry fiscal regimes for its member countries, and trains country officials on key modeling concepts. This paper outlines important preconditions needed for effective fiscal modeling, key evaluation metrics, and emphasizes the importance of transparent modeling practices. It then examines the modeling of commonly-used fiscal instruments and highligts where their economic impact differs, and how fiscal models can inform fiscal regime design.
Keywords:
Natural resource taxation; extractive industries; progressivity; economic rents; fiscal modeling; investment analysis; mining; petroleum.; D. resource rent tax; cash flow; petroleum project; regime design; Corporate income tax; Production sharing; Fiscal Analysis of Resource Industries (FARI); Oil; Carbon tax; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Climate-Related Stress Testing: Transition Risk in Colombia
Can Sever
and
Manuel Perez-Archila
This paper builds a framework to quantify the financial stability implications of climate-related transition risk in Colombia. We explore risks imposed on the banking system based on scenarios of an increase in the domestic carbon tax by using bank- and firm-level data. Focusing on the deterioration of firms’ balance sheets and the exposure of banks to different sectors, we assess the extent to which such policy shock would transmit from nonfinancial firms to the banking system. We observe that sectors are affected unevenly by a higher carbon tax. Agriculture, manufacturing, electricity, wholesale and retail trade, and transportation sectors appear to be the most important in the transmission of the risk to the banking system. Results also suggest that a large increase in the carbon tax can generate significant but likely manageable financial stability risks, and that a gradual increase in the carbon tax to meet a higher target over several years could be preferable in terms of financial risks. A gradual increase would also have the benefit of allowing for a smoother adjustment to higher carbon tax for stakeholders.
Keywords:
Climate crisis; climate change; transition risk; carbon emission; carbon tax; green economy; environmental taxes; banking stress; stress testing; financial stability; Colombia; D. banking data; risk to the banking system; nonfinancial firm; Carbon tax; Greenhouse gas emissions; Commercial banks; Loans; Global; Caribbean
Cover IMF Working Papers
Climate Mitigation Policy in Denmark: A Prototype for Other Countries
Nicoletta Batini
,
Ian W.H. Parry
, and
Mr. Philippe Wingender
Denmark has a highly ambitious goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions 70 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. While there is general agreement that carbon pricing should be the centerpiece of Denmark’s mitigation strategy, pricing needs to be effective, address equity and leakage concerns, and be reinforced by additional measures at the sectoral level. The strategy Denmark develops can be a good prototype for others to follow. This paper discusses mechanisms to scale up domestic carbon pricing, compensate households, and possibly combine pricing with a border carbon adjustment. It also recommends the use of revenue-neutral feebate schemes to strengthen mitigation incentives, particularly for transportation and agriculture, fisheries and forestry, though these schemes could also be applied more widely.
Keywords:
Denmark climate mitigation; carbon pricing; feebate; revenue recycling; border carbon adjustment; transportation; agriculture.; WP; emission rate; EU ETS; emissions price; sliding scale; greenhouse gas; proxy emissions fee; Climate change; agriculture; energy price; mitigation target; nitrogen oxide emission; Carbon tax; Greenhouse gas emissions; Consumption; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Climate-Related Stress Testing: Transition Risks in Norway
Pierpaolo Grippa
and
Samuel Mann
This paper explores three possible transmission channels for transition risk shocks to the financial system in Norway. First, we estimate the direct firm-level impact of a substantial increase in domestic carbon prices under severe assumptions. Second, we map the impact of a drastic increase in global carbon prices on the domestic economy via the Norwegian oil sector. Third, we model the impact of a forced reduction in Norwegian oil firms’ output on shareholder portfolios. Results show that such a sharp increase in carbon prices would have a significant but manageable impact on banks. Finally, the paper discusses ways to advance the still evolving field of transition risk stress testing.
Keywords:
Climate change; transition risk; carbon emissions; carbon price; environmental policy; asset pricing; financial stability; WP; balance sheet approach; emissions data; low-carbon economy; enterprise value; Carbon tax; Oil sector; Oil; gas and mining taxes; Oil prices; Greenhouse gas emissions; Global
Cover Control de la contaminación
Control de la contaminación
mediante el uso de impuestos y licencias negociables
Ms. Valerie Reppelin
and
Mr. John Norregaard

Abstract

Se examinan diferentes formas de controlar la contaminación a través de impuestos o licencias “verdes” y se evalúan sus ventajas y desventajas. Si bien muchos países utilizan impuestos ambientales, el interés en los permisos negociables va en aumento.

Keywords:
EI; tax; ecotax; green tax reform; tradable permit; ecotax leader
Cover Controlling Pollution
Controlling Pollution
Using Taxes and Tradable Permits
Ms. Valerie Reppelin
and
Mr. John Norregaard

Abstract

Explores different ways of controlling pollution through -green-taxes or permits, and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. While many countries use environmental taxes, interest in tradable permits is growing.

Keywords:
EI; tax; ecotax; green tax reform; tradable permit; ecotax leader
Cover Controlling Pollution
Controlling Pollution
Using Taxes and Tradable Permits
Ms. Valerie Reppelin
and
Mr. John Norregaard

Abstract

Explores different ways of controlling pollution through -green-taxes or permits, and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. While many countries use environmental taxes, interest in tradable permits is growing.

Keywords:
EI; tax; ecotax; green tax reform; tradable permit; ecotax leader
Cover Controlling Pollution
Controlling Pollution
Using Taxes and Tradable Permits
Ms. Valerie Reppelin
and
Mr. John Norregaard

Abstract

Explores different ways of controlling pollution through -green-taxes or permits, and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. While many countries use environmental taxes, interest in tradable permits is growing.

Keywords:
EI; tax; ecotax; green tax reform; tradable permit; ecotax leader
Cover Lutter contre la pollution
Lutter contre la pollution
Écotaxes et permis négociables
Ms. Valerie Reppelin
and
Mr. John Norregaard

Abstract

Cette brochure examine les avantages et inconvénients relatifs des écotaxes et des permis comme outils de maîtrise de la pollution. Alors que de nombreux pays recourent aux écotaxes, l'intérêt pour les permis négociables augmente.

Keywords:
EI; tax; ecotax; green tax reform; tradable permit; ecotax leader
Cover Controlling Pollution
Controlling Pollution
Using Taxes and Tradable Permits
Ms. Valerie Reppelin
and
Mr. John Norregaard

Abstract

Explores different ways of controlling pollution through -green-taxes or permits, and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. While many countries use environmental taxes, interest in tradable permits is growing.

Keywords:
EI; tax; ecotax; green tax reform; tradable permit; ecotax leader; ecotax reform; tradable permit system; tax provisions; ecotaxes aim; emission tax; restructuring tax; Environmental taxes; Greenhouse gas emissions; Carbon tax; Global