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Europe > Norway

You are looking at 1 - 5 of 5 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Remittances x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Understanding Correspondent Banking Trends: A Monitoring Framework
Dirk Jan Grolleman
and
David Jutrsa
The withdrawal of correspondent banking relationships (CBRs) remains a concern for the international community because, in affected jurisdictions, the decline could have potential adverse consequences on international trade, growth, financial inclusion, and the stability and integrity of the financial system. Building on existing initiatives and IMF technical assistance, this paper discusses a framework that can be readily used by central banks and supervisory authorities to effectively monitor the developments of CBRs in their jurisdiction. The working paper explains the monitoring framework and includes the necessary reporting templates and an analytical tool for the collection of data and analysis of CBRs.
Keywords:
WP; respondent bank; reporting bank; nostro account; CBR development; banking system; Correspondent Banking; Correspondent Banking Relationships; bank data; ordering bank; Commercial banks; Currencies; Data collection; Public expenditure review; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
¿En qué se diferencia la transmisión de la política monetaria en los países que dependen de las remesas?
Mr. Adolfo Barajas
,
Mr. Ralph Chami
,
Mr. Christian H Ebeke
, and
Anne Oeking
Pese a que las remesas aportan ventajas en materia de bienestar y reducción de la pobreza para los hogares receptores, se ha observado que también traen consigo problemas macroeconómicos: producen efecto de tipo mal holandés debido a sus presiones alcistas (apreciación) sobre los tipos de cambio reales, perjudican la calidad de las instituciones, retardan el ajuste fiscal y, en definitiva, tienen un efecto indeterminado en el crecimiento a largo plazo. En este documento se analiza un desafío adicional, que incide sobre la política. Si bien expanden los balances de los bancos al proporcionar un flujo estable de financiamiento que no es sensible a las tasas de interés, las remesas tienden a incrementar las tenencias de activos líquidos de los bancos. Esto reduce la necesidad de un mercado interbancario y al mismo tiempo desarticula el vínculo entre la tasa de política monetaria y el costo marginal de financiamiento de los bancos, cerrando así un importante canal de transmisión. Elaboramos un modelo estilizado basado en información asimétrica y una falta de prestatarios transparentes y realizamos un análisis econométrico que demuestra el aumento de las entradas de remesas está asociado a un debilitamiento de la transmisión. Como la política monetaria independiente se ve vulnerada, este resultado es congruente con observaciones anteriores en las que los países receptores tienden a preferir regímenes de tipo de cambio fijo.
Keywords:
WP; monetary policy; bank balance; excess reserves
Cover IMF Working Papers
What’s Different about Monetary Policy Transmission in Remittance-Dependent Countries?
Mr. Adolfo Barajas
,
Mr. Ralph Chami
,
Mr. Christian H Ebeke
, and
Anne Oeking
Despite welfare and poverty-reducing benefits for recipient households, remittance inflows have been shown to entail macroeconomic challenges; producing Dutch Disease-type effects through their upward (appreciation) pressure on real exchange rates, reducing the quality of institutions, delaying fiscal adjustment, and ultimately having an indeterminate effect on long-run growth. The paper explores an additional challenge, for monetary policy. Although they expand bank balance sheets, providing a stable flow of interest-insensitive funding, remittances tend to increase banks’ holdings of liquid assets. This both reduces the need for an interbank market and severs the link between the policy rate and banks’ marginal costs of funds, thus shutting down a major transmission channel. We develop a stylized model based on asymmetric information and a lack of transparent borrowers and undertake econometric analysis providing evidence that increased remittance inflows are associated with a weaker transmission. As independent monetary policy becomes impaired, this result is consistent with earlier findings that recipient countries tend to favor fixed exchange rate regimes.
Keywords:
WP; monetary policy; bank balance; excess reserves; Worker’s Remittances; lending channel; banking sector; remittance inflow; bank lending channel; recipient country; threshold remittance ratio; remittance flow; bank competitiveness; Remittances; Central bank policy rate; Bank credit; Financial statements; Competition; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
When and Why Worry About Real Exchange Rate Appreciation? The Missing Link Between Dutch Disease and Growth
International Monetary Fund
We review the literature on Dutch disease, and document that shocks that trigger foreign exchange inflows (such as natural resource booms, surges in foreign aid, remittances, or capital inflows) appreciate the real exchange rate, generate factor reallocation, and reduce manufacturing output and net exports. We also observe that real exchange rate misalignment due to overvaluation and higher volatility of the real exchange rate lower growth. Regarding the effect of undervaluation of the exchange rate on economic growth, the evidence is mixed and inconclusive. However, there is no evidence in the literature that Dutch disease reduces overall economic growth. Policy responses should aim at adequately managing the boom and the risks associated with it.
Keywords:
WP; natural resource; DD effect; exchange rate appreciation; open economy; DD shock; real exchange rate; Dutch disease; growth; exchange rate overvaluation; exchange rate volatility; learning by doing; exchange rate intervention; DD phenomenon; undervalued exchange rate; Dutch disease effects; overvalued exchange rate; DD model; Real exchange rates; Natural resources; Exchange rates; Asia and Pacific; Caribbean; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kiribati: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper focuses on recent developments with Kiribati’s Revenue Equalization Reserve Fund (RERF). The paper also examines fiscal aspects of climate change, and considers options for improving fishing license fees, which remain an important source of revenue. It also analyzes recent developments and the outlook for remittances to Kiribati, which is another important source of external revenue and brings important economic benefits, such as reducing poverty and stabilizing national income.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Kiribati; cost; fee; RERF balance; fishing license fee; remittances to Kiribati; Kiribati's remittances come; remittance cost; Agroindustries; Remittances; Climate change; Income; Current spending; Pacific Islands; Global