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Europe > Norway

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Cover IMF Working Papers
The Distribution of Gains from Globalization
Valentin F. Lang
and
Ms. Marina Mendes Tavares
We study economic globalization as a multidimensional process and investigate its effect on incomes. In a panel of 147 countries during 1970-2014, we apply a new instrumental variable, exploiting globalization’s geographically diffusive character, and find differential gains from globalization both across and within countries: Income gains are substantial for countries at early and medium stages of the globalization process, but the marginal returns diminish as globalization rises, eventually becoming insignificant. Within countries, these gains are concentrated at the top of national income distributions, resulting in rising inequality. We find that domestic policies can mitigate the adverse distributional effects of globalization.
Keywords:
WP; economic globalization; globalization score; national income; Globalization; Growth; Inequality; globalization process; globalization index; income level; globalization's effect; income growth; globalization indicator; effect of globalization; globalization scores; Personal income; Income inequality; Income distribution; Global
Cover The Impact of the European Community's internal Market on the EFTA
The Impact of the European Community's internal Market on the EFTA
Occa Paper No.74
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the likely impact of the creation of the European Community (EC) internal market on the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) members. The focus is on the four freedoms and the institutional and legal changes required for increased economic cooperation between the EC and EFTA. Although not formally part of the negotiations, certain tax issues are also raised. The paper is in ten parts and includes a summary and glossary. The paper also discusses the institutional and legal changes that may prove necessary for greater EC-EFTA cooperation and the implications of the internal market for trade, production, and resource allocation in the EFTA countries. It examines issues related to trade in goods-mainly industrial goods-and transport services and considers issues of labor mobility and trade in financial services. Changes would also appear desirable in the areas of industrial and intellectual property rights-notably counterfeiting, trademarks, copyrights, and patents.

Keywords:
OP; EFTA country; country; EFTA member; EC country; firm; EC-EFTA cooperation; EC-EFTA relation; Transportation; Monetary unions; Value-added tax; Exchange rates; Western Europe; Europe; Southern Europe; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Impact of the EC's Internal Marketon Nonmember Countries: The Case of EFTA
International Monetary Fund
This paper presents an overview of the impact of the EC’s Internal Market on the EFTA countries. It starts by examining the history of EC-EFTA relations; the institutional and legal changes that closer cooperation may require; and the general implications of the Internal Market Program for EFTA countries. This is followed by an exploration of specific issues relating to the goods trade, transport services, labor mobility, financial services and capital flows. Subsequent chapters focus on the potential impact of the EC’s proposed monetary unification on EFTA countries and the implications of the EC’s efforts in the area of tax harmonization.
Keywords:
WP; EFTA country; EFTA member; EC country; EC-EFTA relation; exchange rate; EFTA firm; terms of trade; EC-EFTA cooperation; EC firm; EC standard; trading partner; Transportation; Competition; Monetary unions; Western Europe; Europe