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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Saudi Arabia: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Saudi Arabia: Selected Issues
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; price; oil price; private sector; government spending
Cover Finance & Development
Finance and Development, March 2015
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
Finance and Development, March 2015
Keywords:
FD; F&D; worker; firm; IMF-World Bank; job growth; income
Cover Staff Discussion Notes
Making the Most of Public Investment in MENA and CCA Oil-Exporting Countries
Ms. Maria A Albino
,
Ms. Svetlana Cerovic
,
Mr. Francesco Grigoli
,
Mr. Juan C Flores
,
Mr. Javier Kapsoli
,
Mr. Haonan Qu
,
Mr. Yahia Said
,
Mr. Bahrom Shukurov
,
Mr. Martin Sommer
, and
Mr. SeokHyun Yoon
Over the past decade, rising oil prices have translated into high levels of public investment in most MENA and CCA oil exporters. This has prompted questions about the efficiency of public investment in generating growth and closing infrastructure gaps, as well as concerns about fiscal vulnerabilities. When public investment is inefficient, higher levels of spending may simply lead to larger budget deficits, without sufficiency increasing the quantity or quality of public infrastructure in support of economic growth. This paper examines the efficiency of public investment in the MENA and CCA oil exporters using several techniques, including a novel application of the efficiency frontier analysis, estimates of unit investment costs, and assessments of public investment processes. The analysis confirms that these oil exporters have substantial room to improve public investment efficiency. Reforms in the public financial and investment management systems are needed to achieve this objective.
Keywords:
SDN; investment; MCDOEs; investment efficiency; efficiency; public investment
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Iraq: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; price; Iraq; export; DFI; expenditure
Cover Controlling Pollution
Controlling Pollution
Using Taxes and Tradable Permits
Ms. Valerie Reppelin
and
Mr. John Norregaard

Abstract

Explores different ways of controlling pollution through -green-taxes or permits, and evaluates their advantages and disadvantages. While many countries use environmental taxes, interest in tradable permits is growing.

Keywords:
EI; tax; ecotax; green tax reform; tradable permit; ecotax leader