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Africa > Malawi

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Cover IMF Working Papers
User Payments for Basic Education in Low-Income Countries
Ms. Eva Jenkner
and
Mr. Arye L. Hillman
Insufficient resources and inadequate public expenditure management often prevent governments in low-income countries from providing quality basic education free of charge. User payments by parents are an alternative means of financing basic education. This paper assesses how user payments affect educational opportunities and quality of education for children of poor families in low-income countries. Conditions are identified under which user payments can or cannot improve educational outcomes. User payments, whether taking the form of compulsory benefit taxation or voluntary user fees, are a temporary solution and second-best compared with free-access, publicly financed quality education that is consistent with macroeconomic stability.
Keywords:
WP; user payment; School enrollment; enrollment rate; school fee; Community schooling; Government expenditure and education; education; primary education; Education spending; Gender inequality; South Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa; East Asia; Central Asia; East Africa
Cover 2000 Un monde meilleur pour tous
2000 Un monde meilleur pour tous
Poursuite des objectifs internationaux de développement
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

Les économistes du FMI travaillent en étroite collaboration avec les pays membres sur diverses questions. Leur point de vue unique sur les expériences nationales et leurs bonnes pratiques relatives aux questions macroéconomiques mondiales sont souvent partagés sous la forme de livres sur divers sujets tels que les comparaisons entre pays, le renforcement des capacités, la politique macroéconomique, l’intégration financière et la mondialisation.

Keywords:
BOOK; enrolment rate; enrolment; child mortality; Reduce infant mortality
Cover A Better World for All
A Better World for All
Progress Toward the International Development Goals
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

This paper focuses on goal setting for development of the world. The paper highlights that the goals come from the agreements and resolutions of the world conferences organized by the United Nations in the first half of the 1990s. The paper focuses on seven goals that cover poverty, education, gender equality, infant and child mortality, maternal mortality, reproductive health, and environment. Each of the seven goals addresses an aspect of poverty. The paper also emphasizes that these goals should be viewed together because they are mutually reinforcing.

Keywords:
BOOK; enrolment rate; enrolment; child mortality; Reduce infant mortality; health personnel; family planning programme; secondary school enrolment; Health care; Poverty reduction; Africa; Global; East Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa; South Asia
Cover Un mundo mejor para todos
Un mundo mejor para todos
Avance hacia los Objetivos Mundiales de Desarrollo
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

Los economistas del FMI trabajan en estrecha colaboración con los países miembros sobre una variedad de temas. Con frecuencia comparten su perspectiva única sobre las experiencias de los distintos países y sobre prácticas óptimas en cuestiones macroeconómicas mundiales en forma de libros sobre temas diversos, tales como estudios comparativos de países, fortalecimiento de las capacidades, política macroeconómica, integración financiera y globalización.

Keywords:
BOOK; enrolment rate; enrolment; child mortality; Reduce infant mortality