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Middle East and Central Asia > Mauritania, Islamic Republic of

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Cover IMF Working Papers
Institutional Transformations, Polity and Economic Outcomes: Testing the North-Wallis-Weingast Doorsteps Framework
Mr. Marc G Quintyn
and
Sophia Gollwitzer
This paper tests the theoretical framework developed by North, Wallis and Weingast (2009) on the transition from closed to open access societies. They posit that societies need to go through three doorsteps: (i) the establishment of rule of law among elites; (ii) the adoption of perpetually existing organizations; and (iii) the political control of the military. We identify indicators reflecting these doorsteps and graphically test the correlation between them and a set of political and economic variables. Finally, through Identification through Heteroskedasticity we test these relationships econometrically. The paper broadly confirms the logic behind the doorsteps as necessary steps in the transition to open access societies. The doorsteps influence economic and political processes, as well as each other, with varying intensity. We also identify income inequality as a potentially important force leading to social change.
Keywords:
WP; open access order; government expenditure; political system; Gini coefficient; NWW transition framework; institutions; economic performance; political performance; transition; income inequality; open access society; Income inequality; Personal income; Corruption; Europe; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Working Papers
Inclusive Growth, Institutions, and the Underground Economy
Mr. Adil Mohommad
,
Mr. Anoop Singh
, and
Ms. Sonali Jain-Chandra
Worldwide protests against the perceived lack of economic opportunity and failure of governance have refocused attention on the need for inclusive growth and strong institutions. In developing countries, large informal economies limit state capacity to deliver governance and strong institutions, which in turn discourages participation in and expansion of the formal economy. This paper analyzes the determinants of the underground economy, with particular emphasis on the role of institutions and the rule of law. We find that when businesses are faced with onerous regulation, inconsistent enforcement and corruption, they have an incentive to hide their activities in the underground economy. Empirical analysis suggests that institutions are a more important determinant of the size of the underground economy than tax rates.
Keywords:
WP; economy; underground economy; shadow economy; economic activity; institutions; IFS database; shadow economy rise; size of the shadow economy; informal economy limit; unofficial economy; Informal economy; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Mauritanie: Troisième revue au titre de l’accord triennal appuyé par la facilité élargie de crédit-Rapport des services du FMI et communiqué de presse
International Monetary Fund
Depuis plusieurs années, le FMI publie un nombre croissant de rapports et autres documents couvrant l'évolution et les tendances économiques et financières dans les pays membres. Chaque rapport, rédigé par une équipe des services du FMI à la suite d'entretiens avec des représentants des autorités, est publié avec l'accord du pays concerné.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; SDR; drought relief expenditure; central bank
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Islamic Republic of Mauritania: Third Review Under the Three-Year Extended Credit Facility Arrangement: Staff Report; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion.
International Monetary Fund
The Islamic Republic of Mauritania’s macroeconomic developments have remained broadly positive, despite high international fuel and food prices and the near-term drought impact. Supported by a rapid growth in manufacturing industries, non-oil output is expected to grow by 4.8 percent in 2011 despite the drought-related downturn in agricultural production. A low price pass-through and a prudent monetary policy helped contain inflation. Booming mining exports helped narrow the current account deficit and boost foreign exchange reserves to unprecedented levels.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; SDR; drought relief expenditure; central bank; program implementation; monetary policy; exchange rate; labor market; Credit; Fiscal stance; Europe; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
République islamique de Mauritanie: Évaluation ex post d’un engagement à long terme sous programme
International Monetary Fund
Depuis plusieurs années, le FMI publie un nombre croissant de rapports et autres documents couvrant l'évolution et les tendances économiques et financières dans les pays membres. Chaque rapport, rédigé par une équipe des services du FMI à la suite d'entretiens avec des représentants des autorités, est publié avec l'accord du pays concerné.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Fund; executive board assessment; Ex-Post Assessment; assessment; finalized poverty-reduction strategy paper
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Islamic Republic of Mauritania: Ex Post Assessment of Longer-Term Program Engagement
International Monetary Fund
In this study, the ex post assessment (EPA) of longer program engagement with Mauritania is discussed. From this program, macroeconomic stability has been achieved. EPAs are intended to provide an opportunity to step back from continuing program relations to consider an analysis of the economic problems facing the country, review progress under IMF-supported programs, and draw forward-looking lessons for future IMF engagement. The newly designed poverty reduction strategy and ECF-supported program addresses the challenges identified by the EPA.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Fund; executive board assessment; Ex-Post Assessment; assessment; finalized poverty-reduction strategy paper; executive board discussion; discussions of article IV consultation; structural adjustment; business environment; Poverty reduction; Poverty reduction strategy; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Islamic Republic of Mauritania: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
Mauritania’s poverty reduction strategy paper is based on a broadly participatory process and serves as the policy framework for the country’s economic and social policies. The focus is to accelerate economic growth and stabilize the macroeconomic framework, which benefits the poor, ensure the development of human resources and expansion of basic services, and improve governance and build capacity. In the revision the focus is to strengthen leadership, monitoring, evaluation, and coordination. Mauritania has to take up major challenges to achieve the objectives established at the outset.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government authority; civil society; private sector; economic growth; economic development; trade balance; human resources; Poverty reduction; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Mauritania: Joint Staff Advisory Note of the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
Mauritania’s third poverty reduction strategy paper provides a framework for an ambitious growth and poverty reduction agenda. The updated development perspective and principal objectives reflect the new economic and political realities to sustainably reduce poverty. Successful program implementation hinges on the government’s ownership and commitment. It will only succeed if the institutional framework remains stable, and the civil society is engaged on a permanent basis. Ensuring a broad social consensus for the strategy will make it easier to mobilize donor resources, thus easing financing constraints.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; PRSP-3; government; private sector; updated development perspective; poverty reduction agenda; growth projection; adoption of a strategy; candid acknowledgment; authorities' effort; government's adoption; Poverty reduction; Poverty reduction strategy; Agricultural sector; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Islamic Republic of Mauritania: Second Review Under the Three-Year Extended Credit Facility Arrangement: Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Press Release on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Mauritania.
International Monetary Fund
In this study, despite recovery in the aftermath of the global crisis, the following challenges faced by Mauritania are discussed: vulnerability to external shocks, an insufficiently diversified economy, weak business climate, lack of fiscal space, and high unemployment and poverty rates. The poverty reduction strategy paper (PRSP) provides a good framework. Monetary, exchange rate, and financial sector policies are explained. Debt management and the improvement of the quality of public services by fiscal reforms and private sector by the implementation of the investment code are discussed.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; GDP; debt; executive board discussion; Extended Credit Facility arrangement; finalized poverty-reduction strategy paper; IDA debt sustainability analysis update; debt-GDP threshold; Credit; Fiscal stance; Commodity prices; Global
Cover Policy Papers
Report on the Incidence of Longer-Term Program Engagement
International Monetary Fund
Longer-term program engagement (LTPE) occurs when a member has spent at least seven of the past 10 years under Fund-supported financial arrangements. In response to the Executive Board’s request for periodic updates on the incidence of LTPEs, this is the twelfth such report and provides information through June 22, 2011.
Keywords:
article IV discussion; EPA update; Longer-term program engagement; EPA requirement; LTPE definition