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Africa > Madagascar, Republic of

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Cover Selected Issues Papers
Improving Education Quality: The Returns to Teacher Training In Madagascar, Republic of Madagascar
Kodjovi M. Eklou
,
Ialy Rasoamanana
,
Joanne Tan
,
Mamy Andrianarilala
,
Rolland Andrianjaka
,
Chrystelle Tsafack
, and
Almedina Music
This paper highlights the role of teacher training in improving educational outcomes in Madagascar. With a low and stagnating Human Capital Index of 0.39 and high learning poverty rates, economic growth is hindered by an inadequately skilled workforce. This paper finds that doubling the share of qualified primary school teachers, from the current 15 to 30 percent, would allow Madagascar to harness its demographic dividend, raising per capita real GDP growth by around 2.5 to 3.1 percentage points in Madagascar.
Keywords:
Human capital; teacher training; education outcomes; demographic dividend; Education sector; FRAM teacher; teacher ratio; District level in Madagascar; Labor force participation; Education spending; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover Selected Issues Papers
The Electricity Sector and Jirama: Republic of Madagascar
Constance de Soyres
,
Joanne Tan
, and
Claude P Wendling
Madagascar faces significant challenges in electricity access, with only 36 percent of the population connected. The state-owned utility, JIRAMA, struggles with inefficient production, high transmission and distribution losses, and tariffs below recovery costs. These issues create a substantial fiscal burden on the government, hindering social investment and economic growth. The situation negatively impacts business productivity, making the urgent implementation of JIRAMA's recovery plan essential. This plan should aim to enhance efficiency, reduce losses, and shift towards renewable energy, requiring robust support from the government to ensure sustainable development and improved living conditions for the population.
Keywords:
Electricity; Energy; Utility Management; Economic Development; Renewable Energy; Fiscal; Debt; Governance; business productivity; electricity sector; JIRAMA's reform; electricity access; HDI trends in Madagascar; Tariffs; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa; Global
Cover Selected Issues Papers
Rice Production in Madagascar: Challenges to Self-Sufficiency
VAISHALI ASHTAKALA
,
Joanne Tan
,
Timila Dhakhwa
, and
Yipei Zhang
The Malagasy government aims for self-sufficiency in rice production by 2027, targeting 6 million tons in 2024 and 11 million tons by 2030. Despite recent production increases, challenges such as competition from cheaper imports, low productivity, and climate change persist. This paper analyzes the impact of import competition on local markets, utilizing historical data on tariffs and VAT. It assesses potential rice output under various scenarios and discusses strategies for enhancing productivity sustainably. Findings indicate significant room for improvement in rice yields, highlighting the need for targeted supply-side policies to bolster local production without adversely affecting prices.
Keywords:
Rice production; hybrid seeds; agriculture productivity; food security; rice yield; rice cultivation; countries yield; rice demand and supply; self-sufficiency Republic of Madagascar; Agricultural commodities; Agricultural prices; VAT exemptions; Climate change; Natural disasters; Global; East Africa; Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper explores the electricity sector and Jiro sy rano Malagasy (JIRAMA) in Republic of Madagascar. JIRAMA’s production is relatively inefficient as the company produces less than what is generally acceptable, and at a higher cost. Electricity is the second biggest constraint to competitiveness reported by businesses in Madagascar, based on the Enterprise Survey conducted by the World Bank. A recovery plan is currently under preparation by the new JIRAMA management. While a first objective is for JIRAMA to reach financial sustainability and no longer be dependent on government transfers, other important objectives relate to electricity access and a shift of the production mix toward more renewables. The expansion of production capacity should take place through an increase in renewable energy to reach 85 percent of the production mix. Tariffs should be in line with recovery costs, including operational, distribution, commercialization, and investment costs. A first-best approach is to have one single household tariff and compensate most vulnerable households with targeted transfers.
Keywords:
rice production; teacher training; FRAM teacher; Education sector; rice yield in Madagascar; Agricultural commodities; Electricity; Labor force participation; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa; Global; East Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Staff Report for the 2024 Article IV Consultation; First Review Under the Extended Credit Facility Arrangement; Request for A Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria; and Financing Assurances Review; and First Review Under the Arrangement Under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Republic of Madagascar
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This paper presents Republic of Madagascar’s 2024 Article IV Consultation, First Review under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) Arrangement, Request for a Waiver of Nonobservance of Performance Criteria, and Financing Assurances Review, and First Review under the Arrangement under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF). After stabilizing at 4.2 percent in 2024, the Malagasy economy is expected to rebound to 4.6 percent in 2025. Inflation is projected to gradually decline in 2025. Madagascar’s performance under the ECF and RSF programs has been adequate albeit uneven. The implementation of an automatic fuel price adjustment mechanism will create fiscal space for social spending and investment. Medium-term growth prospects appear favorable, bolstered by the reforms supported by the RSF and the ECF, including government programs aimed at boosting agricultural productivity, increasing access to electricity, and improving road infrastructure. Further building adaptation and resilience to climate shocks as well as mobilizing climate finance should continue to be a key priority. The new decree on environmental and social impact assessments provides a framework to evaluate and select investment projects, which should be applied to new investments, including road projects.
Keywords:
unwavering commitment; B. government policy; RSF arrangement; HIPC resource; floating exchange rate regime; climate change vulnerability; quality standard; Climate change; Global; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Middle East
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Request for an Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility and Cancellation of the Current Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility and Request for an Arrangement Under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Staff Statement; and Statement by the Executive Director for Republic of Madagascar
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
La croissance du PIB réel a marqué le pas à 3,8 % en 2023, ralentie par la dégradation des perspectives de l’économie mondiale et l’effet négatif de l’incertitude électorale sur l’investissement. Après avoir atteint un pic en mars 2023, les pressions inflationnistes se sont atténuées. Sous la direction du Président réélu, les autorités sollicitent l’annulation de l’accord en cours au titre de la facilité élargie de crédit (FEC), qui s’achève en juillet 2024, ainsi que de nouveaux accords au titre de la FEC et de la facilité pour la résilience et la durabilité (FRD). Les décaissements cumulés effectués dans le cadre de l’accord en cours au titre de la FEC s’élèvent à 171,08 millions de DTS (70 % de la quote-part, environ 78 % du montant total approuvé).
Cover Technical Assistance Reports
République de Madagascar: Rapport D'assistance Technique; Vers une mise en œuvre effective des prix de transfert
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
Ce rapport résume les ateliers de formation dispensés par la mission en matière de la législation sur les prix de transfert et évalue les progrès du gouvernement dans la mise en œuvre des recommandations précédentes de FAD. Il conclut que l'élaboration de la législation sur les prix de transfert et les conventions fiscales reste incomplète et nécessitera d'autres modifications.
Keywords:
République de Madagascar; prix de transfert; politique fiscale.
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Request for an Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility and Cancellation of the Current Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility and Request for an Arrangement Under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Staff Statement; and Statement by the Executive Director for Republic of Madagascar
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This paper presents Republic of Madagascar’s Request for an Arrangement under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) and Cancellation of the Current Arrangement under the ECF and Request for an Arrangement under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF). The RSF arrangement will underpin reforms to strengthen adaptation to climate change and resilience against natural disasters, support climate change mitigation efforts, enhance the protection of ecosystems, and create conditions for green private sector investment. Madagascar continues to face challenges, with economic growth easing in a context of weak fiscal performance and gradual reform progress. Going forward, climate change poses significant risks to Madagascar’s economy. The authorities are implementing measures to create fiscal space for much needed social spending and investment. These include medium-term revenue mobilization efforts through tax policy and revenue administration measures. Tackling climate change challenges will be critical for Madagascar’s medium-term macroeconomic resilience. The report suggests that the authorities should take full advantage of the support provided by the IMF and the World Bank through the Enhanced Cooperation Framework for Climate Action, and by other development partners to catalyze private climate financing.
Keywords:
Republic of Madagascar executive board meeting; staff appraisal; ECF arrangement; automatic fuel; RSF arrangement; Climate change; Debt sustainability; Global
Cover Technical Notes and Manuals
Internal Evaluation of External Sector Statistics Capacity Development in Select African Countries
Mr. Rodolfo Maino
,
Theodore Pierre Bikoi
,
Mr. Marcelo Dinenzon
,
Dilek Goncalves
, and
Nelnan Fidèle Koumtingué
This technical note provides an assessment of how external sector statistics capacity development has improved the availability of balance of payments and international investment position data in select countries of sub-Saharan Africa over the period FY2015–22. All countries assessed have made strides to sustain the benefits of capacity development despite continuing challenges.
Keywords:
external sector statistics; capacity development; OECD Development Assistance Committee criteria; balance of payments and international investment position; IMF country team; IMF surveillance; ESS CD essential; IMF capacity development; evaluation team; IMF Library; Balance of payments statistics; International investment position; Data collection; Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS); Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover Technical Notes and Manuals
Digital Solutions Guidelines for Public Financial Management
Lorena Rivero del Paso
,
Sailendra Pattanayak
,
Gerardo Uña
, and
Hervé Tourpe
The Digital Solutions Guidelines for Public Financial Management (Guidelines) are intended to serve as a comprehensive reference material for the assessment, design, and improvement of digital initiatives in the public financial management (PFM) area. To support the digital transformation of PFM functions, the Guidelines are structured around three Pillars – Functional, IT Architectural, and Governance and Management. Each pillar comprises six principles, which are further broken down into one to four attributes to promote more efficient and transparent PFM operations while fostering innovation and managing digital risks. These Guidelines also allow a graduated approach to digital transformation of PFM through three levels of maturity for each Attribute – foundational, intermediate, and advanced – to help take into account country-specific contexts and capacities in digital transformation strategies.
Keywords:
Digitalization; Digital Transformation; Public Financial Management; GovTech; Financial Management Information Systems; Open Data; IMF Library; PFM function; solutions guidelines implementation tool; manuals 2023/07; title page; PFM information systems; Budget execution and treasury management; Budget planning and preparation; Global