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Africa > Madagascar, Republic of

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Cover Technical Notes and Manuals
Internal Evaluation of External Sector Statistics Capacity Development in Select African Countries
Mr. Rodolfo Maino
,
Theodore Pierre Bikoi
,
Mr. Marcelo Dinenzon
,
Dilek Goncalves
, and
Nelnan Fidèle Koumtingué
This technical note provides an assessment of how external sector statistics capacity development has improved the availability of balance of payments and international investment position data in select countries of sub-Saharan Africa over the period FY2015–22. All countries assessed have made strides to sustain the benefits of capacity development despite continuing challenges.
Keywords:
external sector statistics; capacity development; OECD Development Assistance Committee criteria; balance of payments and international investment position; IMF country team; IMF surveillance; ESS CD essential; IMF capacity development; evaluation team; IMF Library; Balance of payments statistics; International investment position; Data collection; Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS); Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover Technical Notes and Manuals
Digital Solutions Guidelines for Public Financial Management
Lorena Rivero del Paso
,
Sailendra Pattanayak
,
Gerardo Uña
, and
Hervé Tourpe
The Digital Solutions Guidelines for Public Financial Management (Guidelines) are intended to serve as a comprehensive reference material for the assessment, design, and improvement of digital initiatives in the public financial management (PFM) area. To support the digital transformation of PFM functions, the Guidelines are structured around three Pillars – Functional, IT Architectural, and Governance and Management. Each pillar comprises six principles, which are further broken down into one to four attributes to promote more efficient and transparent PFM operations while fostering innovation and managing digital risks. These Guidelines also allow a graduated approach to digital transformation of PFM through three levels of maturity for each Attribute – foundational, intermediate, and advanced – to help take into account country-specific contexts and capacities in digital transformation strategies.
Keywords:
Digitalization; Digital Transformation; Public Financial Management; GovTech; Financial Management Information Systems; Open Data; IMF Library; PFM function; solutions guidelines implementation tool; manuals 2023/07; title page; PFM information systems; Budget execution and treasury management; Budget planning and preparation; Global
Cover Selected Issues Papers
Social Spending and Outcomes in Madagascar: Republic of Madagascar
Samah Mazraani
The paper examines Madagascar's education, health, and social assistance spending and outcomes. Government spending on education is relatively low compared to peers, and the quality of education has deteriorated. The paper recommends allocating more resources to the sector, ensuring transparent and merit-based teacher recruitment mechanisms, and strengthening teacher training and incentives. Health spending is also low, and the health system faces challenges in malnutrition, immunization, and service delivery. Additional domestic resources and large-scale structural reforms are needed. Social safety net programs have limited coverage and low spending, and expanding them should be a top priority to reduce poverty and support vulnerable populations.
Keywords:
Social spending; Education; Health; Social Protection; Poverty; Madagascar; health system faces challenge; government health spending; commitment process; government education spending; recruitment mechanism; teacher training; Social assistance spending; Education spending; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper takes stock of developments in education, health, and social assistance and offers policy options in the Republic of Madagascar. The quality of education in Madagascar is falling with low school completion rates, a high share of untrained teachers, and declining test scores. Finding fiscal space to allocate more public resources to the education, health, and social protection sectors should be a key government priority. The resources currently budgeted for these sectors remain much lower than in other Sub-Saharan African countries and insufficient to improve development outcomes. Madagascar made some progress in improving access to primary education and basic health services, but the quality of the education system has deteriorated, significant human resource gaps remain in the health sector, and the poverty rate has increased. The paper recommends that in the area of social protection, identify clear and predictable funding sources with a view to gradually scale up existing social programs, while developing a national social registry to harmonize the social response among different interventions and actors and set a strong basis to gradually increase social assistance coverage of the vulnerable population.
Keywords:
policy recommendation; food value chain vulnerability; social spending; food inflation; education outcome; Climate change; Natural disasters; Food security; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper takes stock of developments in education, health, and social assistance and offers policy options in the Republic of Madagascar. The quality of education in Madagascar is falling with low school completion rates, a high share of untrained teachers, and declining test scores. Finding fiscal space to allocate more public resources to the education, health, and social protection sectors should be a key government priority. The resources currently budgeted for these sectors remain much lower than in other Sub-Saharan African countries and insufficient to improve development outcomes. Madagascar made some progress in improving access to primary education and basic health services, but the quality of the education system has deteriorated, significant human resource gaps remain in the health sector, and the poverty rate has increased. The paper recommends that in the area of social protection, identify clear and predictable funding sources with a view to gradually scale up existing social programs, while developing a national social registry to harmonize the social response among different interventions and actors and set a strong basis to gradually increase social assistance coverage of the vulnerable population.
Keywords:
policy recommendation; food value chain vulnerability; social spending; food inflation; education outcome; Climate change; Natural disasters; Food security; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global
Cover Policy Papers
FY2020 - Output Cost Estimates and Budget Outturn
International Monetary Fund. Office of Budget and Planning
The paper presents highlights from the FY 2020 budget, followed by a discussion of outputs based on the Fund Thematic Categories and of inputs.
Keywords:
PP; expenditures FY; dollar spending; spending execution; unspent FY 18; digitalization strategy; management fee; Medium-term budget; Budget planning and preparation; Capital spending; Financial Sector Assessment Program; COVID-19; Middle East and Central Asia; Global; Asia and Pacific; Western Hemisphere
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Technical Assistance Report-Government Finance Statistics
International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
This mission’s goal was to have the Malagasy authorities adopt the methodology of the Government Finance Statistics Manual (GFSM) 2014 for their own needs. The desired outcome of adopting the manual is to develop a set of government finance statistics (GFSs) that are consistent with current international standards in order to conduct a macroeconomic analysis of government finance.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; revenue; reserve account; OGT table; enterprise; Delaware; government enterprise; enterprise sector; tax debt; nonfinancial enterprise; Financial statements; Government finance statistics; Capital account; Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
République de Madagascar : consultations de 2014 au titre de l’article IV –– rapport des services du FMI; communiqué de presse et déclaration de l’administrateur pour la République de Madagascar
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
PRINCIPAUX THÈMES Contexte: Madagascar est l’un des pays les plus pauvres du monde. Une faible croissance économique a concouru à la persistance et à la progression de la pauvreté et à la dégradation des indicateurs sociaux. Dans un environnement fragile, l’incertitude liée à l’instabilité politique, à la faiblesse des institutions et à la médiocrité de la gouvernance a érodé les fondements d’une croissance économique vigoureuse, la recherche de rentes à court terme ayant pris le pas sur l’édification à plus long terme de la nation. Perspectives et risques: les autorités sont à la croisée des chemins. Un programme économique à moyen terme, aux priorités clairement définies et appliqué de manière concertée, stimulerait la croissance et résorberait la pauvreté. Cette démarche requerrait des ressources pour procéder aux investissements indispensables dans l’infrastructure et relever les dépenses sociales consacrées à l’éducation et à la santé. Des risques d’évolution négative existent toutefois, dans la mesure où une mise en œuvre lente des réformes maintiendrait le pays dans une situation de stagnation économique et de pauvreté persistante. Politique budgétaire: il faut accroître l’espace budgétaire pour relever le niveau et l’efficience des dépenses en faveur des pauvres et de la croissance tout en préservant la viabilité de la dette. Cela supposera l’élargissement de l’assiette fiscale, dans le cadre d’une stratégie globale de mobilisation des recettes, l’amélioration de la composition et de la qualité des dépenses budgétaires ainsi que la consolidation de la gestion des finances publiques. Politiques monétaire et de change: pour favoriser une politique monétaire volontariste et préserver la stabilité macroéconomique, il conviendra de renforcer l’indépendance de la banque centrale, de consolider ses dispositifs de contrôle et de la recapitaliser. Le régime flottant demeure approprié, mais il importera de s’assurer que le marché des devises est liquide et reflète les conditions du marché. Réformes structurelles: une amélioration du climat économique s’impose, notamment par le renforcement de la gouvernance et des politiques de développement social qui enverraient un message clair, à la société comme aux partenaires de développement, confirmant la détermination des autorités à conduire des réformes. Pour mobiliser le soutien du public à la poursuite des réformes, il serait judicieux de dresser dès les phases initiales un bilan des «petites victoires/gains rapides».
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financing; government; government transfer; policy
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Staff Report for the 2014 Article IV Consultation
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
KEY ISSUES Context: Madagascar is one of the poorest countries in the world. Weak economic growth has contributed to persistent and increasing poverty with deteriorating social indicators. In a fragile environment, the uncertainty linked to political instability, weak institutions, and weak governance has eroded the foundation for solid economic growth, with short-term rent-seeking having taken precedence over longer-term nation building. Outlook and Risks: The authorities are at a crossroads. A well-prioritized medium-term economic program that is implemented concertedly would increase growth and reduce poverty. This will require resources in order to undertake essential investment in infrastructure, as well as to increase social spending on education and health. However, there are downside risks, whereby a slow pace of reform implementation would keep Madagascar on a path of economic stagnation and persistent poverty. Fiscal Policy: There is a need to increase fiscal space in order to raise the level and efficiency of pro-poor/pro-growth spending while preserving debt sustainability. This will involve a broadening of the tax base, supported by a comprehensive revenue mobilization strategy, improving the composition and quality of budgetary spending, and reinforcing public financial management. Monetary and Exchange Rate Policies: To facilitate an active monetary policy and safeguard macroeconomic stability, it will be important to increase central bank independence, strengthen its oversight mechanisms, and recapitalize the central bank. A floating regime remains appropriate, but it will be important to ensure that the foreign exchange market is liquid and reflects market conditions. Structural Reforms: There is a need to strengthen the economic climate, including through improved governance and social development policies that would send a clear signal, both within society and to development partners, confirming the government’s commitment to reform. To help build public support for continued reforms, it would be advisable to build an early track record of “small victories/quick wins”.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financing; government; government transfer; policy; private sector growth; pressing infrastructure needs; budget financing; balance of payments; government institution; addressing Madagascar's challenge; transition regime; Credit; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global; Middle East; Europe; Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Request for Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This paper focuses on Madagascar’s Request for Disbursement Under the Rapid Credit Facility (RCF). The Malagasy authorities managed to avert a macroeconomic crisis during a difficult period of political transition and economic uncertainty since 2009. However, these disruptions have constrained growth and fiscal revenue, leading to a sharp compression of public investment and social outlays. The authorities are requesting a disbursement under the RCF. They also see the RCF as a stepping stone for a possible future arrangement addressing Madagascar’s medium-term challenges and as a positive signal to development partners. The IMF staff supports the authorities’ request for a disbursement under the RCF.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; debt; government; RCF disbursement; RCF financing; reform strategy; customs revenue administration; Malagasy economy; Public and publicly-guaranteed external debt; Arrears; Southern Africa