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Africa > Madagascar, Republic of

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Cover IMF Working Papers
How does a domestic tax reform affect protection against imports? The case of the Republic of Madagascar
Mr. Jean-Jacques Hallaert
In 2008, Madagascar reformed its domestic tax system. Because the excise duties and VAT regimes were reformed, the taxation of imports has changed. This paper quantifies how the reform changes the protection against imports and the fiscal revenues from taxation of imports. It shows that, even if the reform has only a limited impact on the average rate of protection, it substantially alters the structure of protection across goods. Moreover, because the reform further increases the already high rate of taxation of imports, it will also boost revenue from taxes on imports and reduce the fiscal losses from the SADC FTA.
Keywords:
WP; import; tariff; rate; taxation of imports
Cover IMF Working Papers
Evaluating Alternative Approaches to Poverty Alleviation: Rice Tariffs Versus Targeted Transfers in Madagascar
Paul A. Dorosh
,
Mr. David Coady
, and
Bart Minten
This paper uses a partial equilibrium framework to evaluate the relative efficiency, distributional and revenue implications of rice tariffs and targeted transfers in Madagascar, especially in the context of identifying their respective roles for poverty alleviation. Although there are likely to be substantial efficiency gains from tariff reductions, these accrue mainly to higher income households. In addition, poor net rice sellers will lose from lower tariffs. Developing a system of well designed and implemented targeted direct transfers to poor households is thus likely to be a substantially more costeffective approach to poverty alleviation. Such an approach should be financed by switching revenue raising from rice tariffs to more efficient tax instruments. These policy conclusions are likely to be robust to the incorporation of general equilibrium considerations.
Keywords:
WP; transfer program; demand and supply
Cover IMF Working Papers
Can Regional Integration Accelerate Development in Africa? CGE Model Simulations of the Impact of the SADC FTA on the Republic of Madagascar
Mr. Jean-Jacques Hallaert
Madagascar plans to start phasing out its customs tariffs on imports from the Southern African Development Community in 2007. This paper uses a CGE model to evaluate the impact of the SADC FTA on Madagascar economy. The results suggest that the SADC FTA would only have a limited impact on Madagascar's real GDP because the liberalization affects only a small share of its total imports. However, Madagascar's trade and production pattern would change and benefit the textile and clothing sector. Removing rigidities in the labor and capital market would increase the gains but they would remain limited. Gains from the SADC FTA become substantial only when the regional liberalization is accompanied by a multilateral liberalization.
Keywords:
WP; Madagascar; trade diversion; SADC FTA; liberalization
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: First Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility and Request for Waiver and Modification of Performance Criteria
International Monetary Fund
The staff report for the First Review Under the Three-Year Arrangement for the Republic of Madagascar reviews economic and financial policies. The 2007 economic program is designed to sustain growth, promote fiscal consolidation, and reduce poverty while keeping inflation to single digits and reducing the economy’s vulnerability to shocks. Central bank interventions will be limited to smoothing large variations in the exchange rate and meeting the program’s foreign reserve target. Planned spending reductions should offset any shortfall in revenues, which would allow the domestic financing target to be met.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; revenue target; authority; tax arrears; revenue shortfall; PRGF loan; staff appraisal; inflation objective; Budget planning and preparation; Tariffs; Africa; Southern Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Fourth Review Under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility and Requests for Extension of the Arrangement and Additional Interim Assistance Under the Enhanced Initiative for Heavily Indebted Poor Countries
International Monetary Fund
Madagascar showed strong economic growth and low inflation under the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) Arrangement. Executive Directors commended these developments, and stressed the need to restore fiscal discipline, improve governance, strengthen the business climate to encourage private investment, and accelerate structural reforms. They welcomed the plan to privatize and rehabilitate the telecom, cotton, sugar, and utility companies, and agreed that Madagascar has successfully completed the fourth review under the PRGF program, and approved waiver, additional interim assistance, and an extension of the arrangement.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; SDR; PRGF arrangement; staffs assessment; tariff relief law; cyclone Gafilo; vanilla export; PRGF loan; Poverty reduction strategy; Exports; Tariffs; Southern Africa; East Africa; Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Africa Growth and Opportunity Act and its Rules of Origin: Generosity Undermined?
Mr. Arvind Subramanian
,
Aaditya Mattoo
, and
Mr. Devesh Roy
This paper describes the United States recently enacted Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and assesses its quantitative impact on African exports. The AGOA expands the scope of preferential access of Africa's exports to the United States in key areas such as clothing. However, its medium term benefits estimated at about US$100-$140 million, an 8 11 percent addition to current non-oil exports would have been nearly five times greater (US$540 million) if no restrictive conditions had been imposed on the terms of market access. The most important of these conditions are the rules of origin with which African exporters of clothing must comply to benefit from duty-free access.
Keywords:
WP; clothing; AGOA; export; fabric; trade; preference; market access; Africa; supply curve; apparel export; wearing apparel; export quota; apparel product; apparel sector; apparel article; Valuation; origin and classification; Exports; Tariffs; Agricultural commodities; Imports; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Mauritius: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix discusses initial performance and other issues relating to the implementation of the value-added tax in Mauritius in 1998. The paper highlights that as the Mauritius economy has continued to expand at a relatively rapid pace, the need for the monetary authorities to enhance their ability to influence domestic liquidity, as well as to ensure the integrity of the banking system, has become increasingly apparent. The paper also analyzes various issues in the banking sector of Mauritius.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; company; government; VAT; joint venture; EPZ enterprise; customs duty; import duty; management consulting firm; joint-venture company; Value-added tax; Tariffs; Imports; Treasury bills and bonds; Commercial banks; Southern Africa; Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Madagascar: Recent Economic Developments and Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This paper describes economic developments in Madagascar during the 1990s. The paper highlights that Madagascar achieved financial stabilization in 1996 owing to the stepwise implementation of sweeping reforms that started in 1994 with the establishment of an interbank foreign exchange market. The paper focuses on selected aspects of Madagascar’s medium-term economic strategy, deals with poverty issues in Madagascar, and provides an analysis of the Malagasy civil service and a strategy for its reform. The paper also examines Madagascar’s trade regime and export processing zone.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Madagascar; tariff; EPZ enterprise; pay; EPZ; tariff rate; liberalized import system; imports to Madagascar; export processing zone regime; Civil service; Civil service reform; Tariffs; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Price and Volume Effects of a Devaluation in Developing Countries
Mr. Arend Kouwenaar
The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.
Keywords:
WP; aggregate demand; price level; foreign currency; labor market; cost ratio; devaluation-inflation pass-through estimate; goods sector; factor service; domestic goods; nominal exchange rate multiplier; import demand; pass-through coefficient; vis-à-vis import price; elasticity of import demand; supply elasticity vis-à-vis price-cost ratio; Real wages; Real exchange rates; Tariffs; Exchange rates; Exports; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Protection and Export Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa
Mr. Dean A. DeRosa
This paper examines the extent and structure of nominal protection in a large sample of Sub-Saharan countries, and provides estimates of the effects of this protection on the exports of these countries. Both tariff rates and the frequency of nontariff barriers are found to be appreciably higher on average in the Sub-Saharan countries than in other developing countries. The empirical estimates, based on simulations of a simple model of trade and real exchange rate adjustment, suggest that protection reduces the value of the sample countries’ exports (relative to baseline levels) by between 15 and 33 percent per annum, and inhibits export diversification.
Keywords:
WP; economic growth; export performance; foreign exchange; exchange rate; import demand; price elasticity; administered protection system; export supply; import control; import restriction; NTB protection; b. nontariff barriers; administered import; targeted imports; administered protection in Sub-Saharan Africa; control measure; import elasticity; Imports; Exports; Tariffs; Trade barriers; Trade policy; Sub-Saharan Africa