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Africa > Madagascar, Republic of

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Cover Selected Issues Papers
Informality and Growth in Madagascar: Republic of Madagascar
Ghislain Afavi
,
Coffi Agossou
,
Mokhtar Benlamine
,
Ialy Rasoamanana
,
Nombàna Razafinisoa
, and
Ms. Veronique Salins
This chapter investigates the link between informality and growth in Madagascar and aims for a better understanding of the informal sector. It provides an analysis of the characteristics of informal production units and informal employment. Findings suggest that informality is a key feature of economic activity in Madagascar, and that informal production units are the main driver of employment with a deep concentration around self-employment. Overall, informality is associated with a lack of awareness of administrative procedures and the complexity and cost of tax and regulatory measures. The informal sector’s Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth is more stable and higher on average than the formal sector TFP.
Keywords:
Madagascar; Informal sector; informality and growth; total factor productivity; social security; tax system; sector TFP; growth in Madagascar; production unit; copyright page; physical capital; Informal employment; Employment; Informal economy; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
How do Climate Shocks Affect the Impact of FDI, ODA and Remittances on Economic Growth?
Alassane Drabo
The three main financial inflows to developing countries have largely increased during the last two decades, despite the large debate in the literature regarding their effects on economic growth which is not yet clear-cut. An emerging literature investigates the dependence of their effects on some country characteristics such as human and physical capital constraint, macroeconomic policy and institutional capacity. This paper extends the literature by arguing that climate shocks may undermine the effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), official development assistance (ODA) and migrants’ remittances on economic expansion. Based on neoclassical growth framework, the theoretical model indicates that FDI, ODA, and remittances improve economic growth, and the size of the effect increases with good absorptive capacity. However, climate shocks reduce this positive effect of financial flows in developing countries. Using a sample of low and middle-income countries from 1995 to 2018, the empirical investigation confirms the theoretical conclusions. Developing countries should build strong resilience to climate change. Actions are also needed at global level to reduce greenhouse gases emissions, and build strong structural resilience to climate shocks especially in developing countries.
Keywords:
inflows-economic growth nexus; effect of ODA; income group; role of Climate; effect of foreign direct investment; Climate change; Absorptive capacity; Foreign direct investment; Human capital; Middle East; East Asia; Asia and Pacific; North Africa; South Asia; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Selected Issues
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; investment project; infrastructure investment; private sector; investment efficiency; Malagasy authorities
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper surveys the economic costs of corruption in Madagascar, and provides a few ideas on how to advance anticorruption reforms. Madagascar’s governance indicators weakened significantly during the transition period 2009–13. Governance indicators that generally were on par with middle-income countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) ten years ago have regressed and converged to the average of fragile SSA countries. After the return of constitutional order in 2014, the government has started to address corruption, mainly through the introduction of new laws so far. More emphasis is needed on effective implementation and raising sufficient resources to fight corruption.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; investment project; infrastructure investment; private sector; investment efficiency; Malagasy authorities; anti-corruption agency; investment coordination unit; Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP); Public investment spending; Corruption; Infrastructure; Global; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Can Regional Integration Accelerate Development in Africa? CGE Model Simulations of the Impact of the SADC FTA on the Republic of Madagascar
Mr. Jean-Jacques Hallaert
Madagascar plans to start phasing out its customs tariffs on imports from the Southern African Development Community in 2007. This paper uses a CGE model to evaluate the impact of the SADC FTA on Madagascar economy. The results suggest that the SADC FTA would only have a limited impact on Madagascar's real GDP because the liberalization affects only a small share of its total imports. However, Madagascar's trade and production pattern would change and benefit the textile and clothing sector. Removing rigidities in the labor and capital market would increase the gains but they would remain limited. Gains from the SADC FTA become substantial only when the regional liberalization is accompanied by a multilateral liberalization.
Keywords:
WP; Madagascar; trade diversion; SADC FTA; liberalization
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Madagascar: Ex Post Assessment of Longer-Term Program Engagement
International Monetary Fund
This paper discusses key findings of the Ex Post Assessment of Longer-Term Program Engagement for Madagascar. The paper focuses on performance during the programs supported by the 1989 and 1996 Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility programs, and the 2001 Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility. Despite nearly continuous involvement by the IMF, other international financial institutions, and bilateral donors, economic progress has been slow. Only the most recent years have witnessed inroads into poverty reduction of some significance. However, the country’s growth base remains narrow, and its institutional framework and governance weak.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; exchange rate; economic growth; reform effort; government ownership; implementation capacity; banking system; macroeconomic policy; Structural reforms; Civil service reform; Poverty reduction; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Mauritius: Staff Report for the 2002 Article IV Consultation
International Monetary Fund
This 2002 Article IV Consultation highlights that the Mauritian economy has weathered the global economic slowdown relatively well. Economic output is expected to expand by about 5.3 percent in 2001/02 (July–June), only slightly below its trend rate of growth of the past 20 years. Tourism weakened somewhat in the second quarter of 2001 but picked up in the second half, partly reflecting Mauritius’ reputation as a safe destination. Notwithstanding the relatively robust economic growth over the past decade, unemployment has risen steadily and is projected to reach about 9 percent in 2001/02.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; IMF Concludes; government; EPZ firm; Mauritian rupee; broad money; government finances; U.S. dollar; interest rate; labor market; Labor markets; Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Madagascar: Recent Economic Developments and Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This paper describes economic developments in Madagascar during the 1990s. The paper highlights that Madagascar achieved financial stabilization in 1996 owing to the stepwise implementation of sweeping reforms that started in 1994 with the establishment of an interbank foreign exchange market. The paper focuses on selected aspects of Madagascar’s medium-term economic strategy, deals with poverty issues in Madagascar, and provides an analysis of the Malagasy civil service and a strategy for its reform. The paper also examines Madagascar’s trade regime and export processing zone.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Madagascar; tariff; EPZ enterprise; pay; EPZ; tariff rate; liberalized import system; imports to Madagascar; export processing zone regime; Civil service; Civil service reform; Tariffs; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Price and Volume Effects of a Devaluation in Developing Countries
Mr. Arend Kouwenaar
The IMF Working Papers series is designed to make IMF staff research available to a wide audience. Almost 300 Working Papers are released each year, covering a wide range of theoretical and analytical topics, including balance of payments, monetary and fiscal issues, global liquidity, and national and international economic developments.
Keywords:
WP; aggregate demand; price level; foreign currency; labor market; cost ratio; devaluation-inflation pass-through estimate; goods sector; factor service; domestic goods; nominal exchange rate multiplier; import demand; pass-through coefficient; vis-à-vis import price; elasticity of import demand; supply elasticity vis-à-vis price-cost ratio; Real wages; Real exchange rates; Tariffs; Exchange rates; Exports; Sub-Saharan Africa