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Europe > Montenegro

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Kosovo: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This Selected Issues paper focuses on challenges and opportunities in Kosovo’s electricity sector. Energy market pressures in Europe are likely to continue throughout 2023. Higher energy prices represent a heavy blow for Kosovo’s current account. The tariff-setting framework is broadly sound, but the increase in European electricity prices has led to challenges. Higher European electricity prices have stressed the sector’s flows, creating liquidity choke points. Higher European electricity prices and lower domestic electricity supply may result is significant stress for Kosovo’s energy sector and budget. In the short term, more efficient use of electricity should reduce demand and contribute to balance the system in 2023. In the medium term, boosting energy efficiency and diversification away from lignite is priority. To that end, creating a fund for the renewal and expansion of domestic electricity generation capacity in green technologies could be explored. Starting to explore carbon pricing would strengthen price signals and result in more efficient demand and less carbon intensity.
Keywords:
tax revenue growth; policy implication; Electricity supply chain; central banks in Kosovo; electricity sector; Electricity; Income; Natural gas sector; Tax administration core functions; Europe; Global
Cover Finance & Development
Currency Notes: Cleaning Up Crypto
International Monetary Fund

TESLA CEO ELON MUSK reignited a long-simmering debate in June over Bitcoin’s energy consumption. Tesla will accept the cryptocurrency for car sales only “when there’s confirmation of reasonable (~50 percent) clean energy usage by miners with positive future trend,” Musk said in a tweet.

Keywords:
bitcoin rival Ethereum; bitcoin transaction; Bitcoin system; Bitcoin's status; energy consumption problem; Renewable energy; Blockchain and DLT; Mining sector; Electricity; consumption problem; unit of account
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Montenegro: Request for Purchase under the Rapid Financing Instrument; Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Montenegro
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
The COVID-19 pandemic will hit Montenegro hard, as tourism is a key industry. Fiscal space has eroded in recent years due to large public capital outlays, and the COVID-19 crisis is creating new budgetary strains as health spending and other expenditures rise, while the economic contraction lowers revenues.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financing; emergency financing request; IMF lending tracker; assistance; liquidity withdrawal requirement rate; financing gap; Executive Board discussion; Fiscal stance; Capital spending; Tourism; Global; COVID-19; Financial sector
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Montenegro: 2013 Article IV Consultation
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This 2013 Article IV Consultation highlights that Montenegro’s recovery from the collapse of the lending boom in 2008 has been slowed by the debt overhang that remains in the private sector. Output contracted in 2012 because of unusually severe winter weather early in the year, as well as a sharp decline in aluminum production as the financial position of the troubled aluminum company (KAP) continued to worsen. Activity picked up in early 2013 as more favorable weather conditions resulted in a sharp increase in hydro-based electricity production. A sustained, multi-year fiscal consolidation effort is needed to reduce the public debt burden to an appropriately low level in the medium term.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; debt; Montenegro; current account; private sector balance sheets; lending boom; labor market; sluggish private sector demand; financial asset; debt accumulation; Credit; Tourism; External sector statistics; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Montenegro: 2007 Article IV Consultation: Staff Report; Staff Statement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Republic of Montenegro
International Monetary Fund
The economic expansion in Montenegro is proceeding at full strength. The economy is overheating. Rapid credit growth is overstretching banks, and has contributed to ballooning asset prices. Eroding competitiveness is a concern. Management of the boom falls on fiscal policy. Tax cuts have been procyclical and potentially destabilizing. Fiscal risks need to be contained. The main focus of credit policy should be to strengthen banking sector supervision. Completing the transition to a market economy should be kept at the top of the policy agenda.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; foreign direct investment; authority; Montenegrin authorities; outturn; policy; credit growth; retail price inflation; staff appraisal; FDI inflow; Credit; Tourism; Public sector; Fiscal stance; Global; Baltics
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Montenegro: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund

Euroization has served Montenegro well by anchoring inflation expectations, and shifted the burden of adjustment to fiscal and structural policies. The paper looks at trends and how developments in the tourism industry have contributed to the shaping of the economy. The lack of monetary and exchange rate policies in Montenegro puts a premium on a well-designed and appropriate fiscal policy. This paper has presented a dynamic analysis of the structure of the banking sector of Central and Eastern European countries.

Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Montenegro; tourism; fiscal policy; Montenegro's tourism potential; tourism potential; rank Montenegro; tourist public; tourism activity in Montenegro; T&T economy; contribution of the tourism sector