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The transparency of the Central Bank of Montenegro (CBCG)’s legal framework, its mandate, autonomy, and decision-making arrangements have all been strengthened over time, but further improvements are recommended. The most important room for improvement is for the CBCG’s website to clearly explain that Montenegro’s unilateral euroization limits the scope for an independent monetary policy and for the provision of ELA. That should be aligned with an enhanced policy strategy, which should explain its operational framework and toolkit, helping the public understand how policies are formulated and what to expect. In addition, it should ensure timely publication of all its opinions on draft laws concerning the financial sector. The discussion on the website of the CBCG’s existing functional autonomy could stress that the CBCG can perform its mandate without prior approval needed from the Government. Finally, the CBCG’s transparency could be enhanced by clarifying the function of the Governor’s Collegium and by publishing the general act establishing the remuneration of the Governor, Vice-Governors, and Council members on its website, along with existing links to their incomes and assets, which is already available in the Anti-Corruption Agency website.
A technical assistance mission on external sector statistics was conducted for the Central Bank of Montenegro (CBM) during July 29 to August 9, 2024. The mission established measures to address the major sources for the large net errors and omissions (NEO) and reduced the average NEO during 2021 to 2023 from 9 percent to 1.1 percent of Gross Domestic Product. The mission also assisted the CBM and the Ministry of Finance in preparing the Template for International Reserves and Foreign Currency Liquidity—a statistical dataset that covers reserves-related data comprehensively.
1. Montenegro is a strategically located, unilaterally euroized economy. After gaining independence in 2006, the country was buffeted by the Global Financial Crisis. Following a period of tourism-driven growth averaging 4 percent in 2015-19, the economy was hit hard once again by COVID, contracting by over 15 percent in 2020. A strong recovery has taken root since 2021, and tourism has exceeded its pre-pandemic levels. The war in Ukraine has significantly impacted the economy through both real (via robust consumption growth due to migrants) and nominal (via inflation) channels, thereby improving its fiscal position. However, on current policies Montenegro's fiscal position is likely to gradually weaken once again over the medium term.
MONTENEGRO