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Mr. Si Guo
Interest income from foreign reserves is one of the main revenue sources for most emerging market central banks. For central banks in the Western Balkan region, the low global interest rates during 2008–2021 negatively affected their revenues, and the impact was more pronounced for central banks in Kosovo, Montenegro, and Bosnia and Herzegovina because they cannot use seigniorage to finance their operations. This paper explores how these central banks coped with the long period of low-interest rates. The main finding is that the decline in interest income from foreign reserves was partially compensated by higher fees, commissions, and other regulatory revenues.
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.

The SDR interest rate and the rate of remuneration are equal to a weighted average of interest rates on specified short-term domestic obligations in the money markets of the five countries whose currencies constitute the SDR valuation basket (the U.S. dollar, weighted 39 percent; deutsche mark, 21 percent; Japanese yen, 18 percent; French franc, 11 percent; and U.K. pound, 11 percent). The rate of remuneration is the rate of return on members’ remunerated reserve tranche positions. The rate of charge, a proportion (currently 107 percent) of the SDR interest rate, is the cost of using the IMF’s financial resources. All three rates are computed each Friday for the following week. The basic rates of remuneration and charge are further adjusted to reflect burden-sharing arrangements. For the latest rates, call (202) 623-7171 or check the IMF website (www.imf.org/external/np/tre/sdr/sdr.htm).

Roberto de Beaufort Camargo

Abstract

I would like to thank the Bank of Albania, the IMF, and the Swiss Embassy for your kind invitation to speak at this forum. I was quite interested in the various discussions on the macroeconomic vulnerabilities of highly euroized economies in the context of negative euro area interest rates. These discussions provide a good background for my presentation on reserve management in the region.

Mr. Miguel A Savastano

Abstract

I would like to thank all the participants for the presentations and for the discussions that we have had. I said yesterday that I was looking forward to learning from all of you, and I can report to you that I have indeed learned a lot and I hope that each of you has learned as well.

Milena Vučinić

Abstract

It is my pleasure to be here and to benefit from the exchange of opinions and experiences. As you may know, pursuant to the Central Bank of Montenegro Law, the Central Bank of Montenegro (CBCG) sets out fostering and maintaining the financial system stability and a sound banking system and safe and efficient payment systems as its main objectives. The financial system in Montenegro is bank-centric. In a dollarized (euroized) and bank-centric systems, such as the one in Montenegro, a stable financial system is a condition for creating and preserving the stability of the economic system.

Guido della Valle

Abstract

With this presentation, I would like to share the experience of the Bank of Albania (BoA) with the estimation of the lower policy rate bound, at a time, at the beginning of 2016, in which BoA was confronted with very low inflation rates, a challenging external environment, and a risk of disanchoring inflation expectations. The presentation is based on the framework developed and deployed by the Bank of Albania to estimate how far they could lower policy rates to counteract downside risks to price stability. The framework benefited from the IMF Technical Assistance (TA) funded by the Swiss Government. The reason we are presenting it here and have written a Working Paper is the belief of the authors that in a context of lower global real interest rates more frequently monetary authorities will be confronted with similar policy challenges and may benefit from the conceptual framework developed by the Bank of Albania.