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Europe > Latvia, Republic of

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Cover IMF Working Papers
A Tale of Two Sectors: Why is Misallocation Higher in Services than in Manufacturing?
Daniel A Dias
,
Christine J. Richmond
, and
Carlos Robalo Marques
Recent empirical studies document that the level of resource misallocation in the service sector is significantly higher than in the manufacturing sector. We quantify the importance of this difference and study its sources. Conservative estimates for Portugal (2008) show that closing this gap, by reducing misallocation in the service sector to manufacturing levels, would boost aggregate gross output by around 12 percent and aggregate value added by around 31 percent. Differences in the effect and size of productivity shocks explain most of the gap in misallocation between manufacturing and services, while the remainder is explained by differences in firm productivity and age distribution. We interpret these results as stemming mainly from higher output price rigidity, greater labor adjustment costs and more informality in the service sector.
Keywords:
WP; service sector; Misallocation; productivity; firm-level data; structural transformation; Gelbach decomposition; productivity shock; efficiency gain; TFP distribution; factor share; productivity distribution; balance-sheet data; industry classification; industry level; manufacturing sector industry; output price rigidity; ol tne; output wedge; Services sector; Total factor productivity; Manufacturing
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Latvia: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This Selected Issues paper examines the prospects for Latvia continuing to rapidly reduce its distance from the productivity frontier. It looks at the empirical record of countries that have in the past attained a similar relative level of income to that of Latvia at present, to gauge the plausibility of the forecast for Latvia’s medium term GDP growth of about 4 percent per year. It highlights that more than one-third of the countries reaching a similar stage of development managed to sustain higher subsequent growth. The paper also confirms the importance of investment and structural reforms for Latvia’s future convergence, using a sector-level analysis.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; employment ratio; growth decomposition; multifactor productivity convergence; employment growth; extent emigration; productivity frontier; Migration; Productivity; Labor productivity; Employment; Eastern Europe; Europe; Africa; Baltics; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Lithuania: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
In Lithuania, the case for complementing the on going fiscal adjustment with revenue measures is strong. In addition to supporting the adjustment, options to raise revenue need to be tailored to enhance growth and export competitiveness. International and empirical evidence suggest important scope for revenue-enhancing tax reforms in Lithuania. Lithuania is in a position to rebalance growth towards exports. Executive Directors suggest a broad tax reform strategy that could raise revenue and tax new revenue sources while supporting growth, competitiveness, and equity to substantially bolster revenues.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Lithuania; IMF staff calculation; inflation; revenue; statistics Lithuania; ULC relative; credit boom; credit-less recovery; Credit; Income and capital gains taxes; Income; Personal income; Global; Baltics; Europe