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International Monetary Fund
Lithuania achieved significant progress in macroeconomic stabilization and structural reforms, under the previous Stand-By Arrangement. Executive Directors welcomed the new program, which aimed at maintaining macroeconomic stability, promoting private sector activity, and strengthening external viability in order to attain sustainable growth and create employment opportunities. They stressed the need to implement fiscal and structural reforms. They agreed that the authorities are following an appropriate approach of preparing a medium-term fiscal framework, determining priorities, and seeking ways to achieve the medium-term goal of a balanced budget.
International Monetary Fund
Developments and prospects of nonbank financial institutions of Latvia have been presented in this paper. Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to Latvia have declined compared with their earlier levels. This poses an important policy challenge owing to benefits of FDI in terms of financing the current account deficit, contributing to capital formation, productivity, and exports. This paper also discusses the role of the Latvian Privatization Agency (LPA) in the privatization of Latvia's public enterprises and property, along with statistical data on economic indices of Latvia.
International Monetary Fund
With the resumption in growth, the economic recession triggered by the Russian crisis has ended. Additional efforts will be needed to reduce the current account deficit and increase its financing. The IMF staff commend the intention to streamline tax benefits granted to enterprises and to eliminate the benefits that are inconsistent with EU regulations. Financial sector development is imperative for continued external sustainability and economic growth. The government’s ability to implement the privatization program and address the remaining impediments to an enabling business climate is crucial.
International Monetary Fund
This 1999 Article IV Consultation highlights that macroeconomic developments in Latvia were severely affected by the Russian economic crisis. Real GDP declined by 1.9 percent in the fourth quarter of 1998, and further contraction is estimated for the first quarter of 1999. As a consequence, the rate of unemployment rose to 10.1 percent in May, up from 7 percent a year earlier. Meanwhile, inflation has continued to fall amid continued tight monetary policy and weak domestic demand, reaching 1.9 percent in May.
Ms. Françoise Le Gall
,
Ms. L. Effie Psalida
,
Mr. Pietro Garibaldi
,
Mr. Julian Berengaut
,
Mr. Jerald A Schiff
,
Ms. Kerstin Westin
,
Mr. Augusto López-Claros
,
Mr. Richard E Stern
, and
Mr. Dennis Jones

Abstract

Are the three Baltic countries, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania, ready for accession to the European Union? Have their economies overcome the problems of transition? The answers to these questions and their implications for policy are provided in this collection of analyses. Rather than a country-by-country description, the volume provides a cross-country perspective of developments from 1994 through mid-1997. The seven sections of this paper discuss recent macroeconomic and structural policies, exchange rate regimes, fiscal issues, financial systems, private sector development, and accession to the European Union.

International Monetary Fund
This paper reviews economic developments in Latvia during 1994–96. The paper highlights that developments during this period have been dominated by the after-effects of the fiscal slippage in 1994 and the banking crisis in 1995, although there are signs of a recovery from these adverse episodes. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of selected economic issues facing Latvia. It analyzes the environment for the private-sector development, and reviews interest rate developments, focusing in particular on the treasury-bill market.