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International Monetary Fund. European Dept.

Abstract

Une situation foncièrement saine devrait permettre à l’économie européenne de supporter sans trop de mal les turbulences financières actuelles. Les prévisions laissent néanmoins entrevoir un tassement du rythme de croissance dans presque tous les pays de la région en 2008. Les dirigeants devront s'attaquer résolument aux turbulences des marchés financiers tout en assainissant les finances publiques et en mettant en œuvre des réformes structurelles, notamment dans le secteur financier, afin de pallier les vulnérabilités, de relever les perspectives de croissance à moyen terme et de réaliser la convergence promise dans les pays émergents d'Europe. Trois chapitres analytiques abordent les réformes visant à renforcer les systèmes financiers de l'Europe afin de permettre aux pays avancés de tirer parti de l'innovation sans encourir de risques excessifs, et aux pays émergents de gérer le développement rapide du secteur financier et de renforcer encore les systèmes financiers.

International Monetary Fund. European Dept.

Abstract

Strong fundamentals should allow Europe to weather financial turbulence relatively well. Nonetheless, growth is set to ease in 2008 in nearly all countries. Policymakers will need to deal up front with the financial market turmoil, while implementing fiscal consolidation and structural reforms, including in the financial sector, to address vulnerabilities, raise medium-term growth prospects, and deliver on the promise of convergence for emerging Europe. Three analytical chapters discuss reforms to strengthen Europe's financial systems to allow advanced economies to benefit from innovation without incurring excessive risk and, in emerging economies, to manage rapid financial deepening and develop financial systems further.

International Monetary Fund. European Dept.

Abstract

Strong fundamentals should allow Europe to weather financial turbulence relatively well. Nonetheless, growth is set to ease in 2008 in nearly all countries. Policymakers will need to deal up front with the financial market turmoil, while implementing fiscal consolidation and structural reforms, including in the financial sector, to address vulnerabilities, raise medium-term growth prospects, and deliver on the promise of convergence for emerging Europe. Three analytical chapters discuss reforms to strengthen Europe's financial systems to allow advanced economies to benefit from innovation without incurring excessive risk and, in emerging economies, to manage rapid financial deepening and develop financial systems further.

International Monetary Fund

Abstract

Since 1992, the central banks of the Baltic states and the Commonwealth of Independent States have undertaken comprehensive reform of their monetary and exchange arrangements in support of their stabilization efforts. Their efforts have been supported by extensive technical assistance provided by the IMF and 23 central banks. This book edited by V. Sundararajan, Arne B. Peterson, and Gabriel Sensenbrenner, contains the background papers prepared for the second joint coordinating meeting of participants. That meeting focused on the progress of structural reforms in central banking and bank restructuring and identified priorities for the deepening of reforms. The book documents the remarkable progress achieved by the Baltic and CIS central banks and the catalytic role they have played in financial market development.

International Monetary Fund
This paper reviews economic developments in Latvia during 1994–96. The paper highlights that developments during this period have been dominated by the after-effects of the fiscal slippage in 1994 and the banking crisis in 1995, although there are signs of a recovery from these adverse episodes. The paper provides an in-depth analysis of selected economic issues facing Latvia. It analyzes the environment for the private-sector development, and reviews interest rate developments, focusing in particular on the treasury-bill market.
International Monetary Fund
This paper reviews economic developments in Latvia during 1993–94. During 1994, Latvia began to enjoy the fruits of its steadfast efforts to achieve macroeconomic stabilization and the transformation to a market economy. GDP grew by 2 percent, after three years of economic decline in which output is estimated to have fallen by about 50 percent. Real wages also increased in 1994, after sharp declines in earlier years. Although the unemployment rate increased to about 6½ percent of the labor force, it remained well below expectations and also below unemployment rates in Western Europe.