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Europe > Latvia, Republic of

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  • Type: Journal Issue x
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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Estonia: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix examines the developments in the intergovernmental fiscal relations for the Republic of Estonia. The paper highlights that intergovernmental relations in Estonia have been marked in recent years by a strong push in the direction of fiscal decentralization. This trend has been part of the broader process of structural change, including privatization and liberalization of markets in Estonia. The paper analyzes the evolution of the financial sector. It also examines European Union accession and the economic policy of Estonia.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Estonia; government; bank; kroon; market; EU membership; EU accession; labor cost Index; productivity in Estonia; trading partner; Tariffs; Nonbank financial institutions; Stock markets; Baltics; Western Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Regional Integration and Baltic Trade and Investment Performance
Mr. Robert L. Sharer
This paper analyzes the role of regional arrangements in trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) performance in the Baltics. While progress with transition is a key determinant of trade and FDI performance, regional arrangements with Western Europe have helped develop trade and transfer of technology, but have not yet led to export-related foreign direct investment toward the European Union. The main reasons for this are policy uncertainties, need for more progress with transition, and restrictions in the trade agreements, especially on the European Union side. Intra-Baltic integration has not yet led to substantial trade and FDI growth between the Baltics.
Keywords:
WP; free trade; EU membership; protection level; EU market; EU-EFTA-Baltic-Bulgaria-Romania cumulation; EU agreement; EU trade; protectionist trade regime; EU concession; Baltic trade; trade openness; EU export; hub-and-spoke system; Exports; Trade liberalization; Foreign direct investment; Trade policy; Trade barriers; Baltics; Europe; Western Europe