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Europe > Latvia, Republic of

You are looking at 1 - 3 of 3 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bulgaria: Selected Issues Paper
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This Selected Issues paper reviews recent developments in growth and employment in Bulgaria and highlights key constraints to growth suggested by cross-country competitiveness studies. Bulgaria’s GDP has grown substantially since economic and financial stabilization in 1997. The global economic crisis had a major effect on Bulgarian growth and employment. After falling by 5½ percent in 2009, real GDP has grown at a low rate, and by 2012 real GDP was still 3 percent short of its 2008 level. However, employment growth was negative during 2009–2012, and the first small uptick occurred only in 2013.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Bulgaria; GDP; crisis; health system's performance; population risk; EU country; NSI Bulgaria; crisis response; crisis experience; Social assistance spending; Employment; Health care spending; Pension spending; Income; Global; Eastern Europe; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Latvia: Fifth Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement and Financing Assurances Review, Request for Waiver of Nonobservance of a Performance Criterion, and Proposal for Post-program Monitoring
International Monetary Fund
Latvia’s economy continues to recover, but the worsening global outlook is likely to hurt growth. Implementation of the program has made the economy more robust to shocks, but risks remain that could derail the recovery and the goal of euro adoption. Spillovers from the euro area crisis could increase—reducing growth and increasing capital outflows—and complicate plans to tap international capital markets. The authorities’ macroeconomic strategy has centered on substantial wage and price cuts and productivity growth to improve competitiveness and reduce external imbalances.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; amount; deficit; fund; revenue projection; World Bank-International Monetary Fund mission; authorities' strategy; Latvian authorities; scenario government debt; exchange rate; Loans; Fiscal stance; Social assistance spending; Europe; Baltics; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Economic Transformation and Income Distribution: Some Evidence From the Baltic Countries
Ms. Beatrice Weder
and
Mr. Peter Cornelius
A transition from a centrally planned to a market economy implies a massive reallocation of resources requiring realignments in relative prices, which may have important distributional effects. This paper examines the extent to which income differentials have changed in countries where bold reforms have been introduced. Discussing the experience in the Baltic states, it finds that—largely due to a significant increase in the dispersion of earnings—recorded income differentials in these countries have widened markedly and that the redistributive effects of social assistance and tax policies have been only marginal.
Keywords:
WP; income; income component; country; income differential; household income; income datum; size distribution income; Personal income; Income inequality; Income distribution; Wages; Social assistance spending; Baltics