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Europe > Latvia, Republic of

You are looking at 1 - 2 of 2 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Empirical Studies of Trade x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
Exports in a Tariff-Free Environment: What Structural Reforms Matter? Evidence from the European Union Single Market
Jesmin Rahman
,
Ara Stepanyan
,
Jessie Yang
, and
Mr. Li Zeng
How do countries enhance their exports of goods in a largely tariff-free environment? Our investigation of export performance of new member states in the European Union single market, which provides a natural control for barrier-free environment, points to the importance of structural reforms, particularly in the areas of higher education, skills upgrade, wage structure’s ability to provide incentives to work and foreign investment environment. In addition, establishing links with supply chains, which in addition to the above-mentioned reforms also depend on better institutions and infrastructure, are important. The analysis in the paper shows that new member states are at varying levels of quality and integration, which highlights the need for country-specific policy priorities. Services trade, which is subject to significant non-tariff barriers in the EU market even after the implementation of the Services Directive, shows considerable room for growth given the comparative advantage of some of the new member states.
Keywords:
WP; export; country; export quality; single market; supply chain; Export integration; structural reform; comparative advantage; European Union; new member states; exports to the EU; quality improvement; EU single market; export products; Exports; Service exports; Export performance; Foreign direct investment; Human capital; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Competitiveness in Transition Economies: What Scope for Real Appreciation?
Ms. Kornelia Krajnyak
and
Mr. Jeromin Zettelmeyer
This paper estimates equilibrium dollar wages for 15 transition economies. Equilibrium dollar wages are interpreted as full employment wages consistent with a country’s physical and human capital endowment, and estimated by regressing actual dollar wages on productivity and human capital proxies in a short (1990-95) panel of 85 countries. The main results are: (i) equilibrium dollar wages have appreciated steadily in the Baltic countries and fast-reforming Central and Eastern European (CEE) transition economies, but have been flat in most CIS countries; and (ii) 1996 actual dollar wages remain below estimated equilibrium dollar wages for most but not all transition countries covered.
Keywords:
WP; dollar wage; exchange rate; transition economy; current account; equilibrium wage; price level; Wages; Real exchange rates; Productivity; Human capital; Competition; Eastern Europe; Baltics; Central and Eastern Europe