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Europe > Latvia, Republic of

You are looking at 1 - 4 of 4 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Informal Economy; Underground Econom x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
The Direct Employment Impact of Public Investment
Marian Moszoro
We evaluate the direct employment effect of the public investment in key infrastructure—electricity, roads, schools and hospitals, and water and sanitation. Using rich firm-level panel data from 41 countries over 19 years, we estimate that US$1 million of public spending in infrastructure create 3–7 jobs in advanced economies, 10–17 jobs in emerging market economies, and 16–30 jobs in low-income developing countries. As a comparison, US$1 million public spending on R&D yields 5–11 jobs in R&D in OECD countries. Green investment and investment with a larger R&D component deliver higher employment effect. Overall, we estimate that one percent of global GDP in public investment can create more than seven million jobs worldwide through its direct employment effects alone.
Keywords:
employment effect; job content; employment impact; job elasticity; job intensity; construction employment; job multiplier; Public investment spending; Employment; Job creation; Income; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Latvia: 2017 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that Latvia’s economic growth eased to 2 percent in 2016, as gross investment contracted significantly by 11.7 percent on the back of lower than expected absorption of European Union (EU) funds. This effect was compounded by a drag from net exports, as import volume growth accelerated markedly, while export growth remained modest. Despite a strong rise in imports, the current account recorded a surplus of 1.5 percent in 2016 as the terms of trade, driven largely by falling energy prices, improved by over 4.7 percent. Growth is expected to pick up to 3.2 percent in 2017 on the back of an accelerated pace of disbursement of EU funds and continued robust private credit growth.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; balance of payments; current account; Latvia; growth; EU fund; credit growth; IMF staff estimate; World Bank-International Monetary Fund mission; liability position vis-à-vis nonresident; Credit; Informal economy; Total factor productivity; Western Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Georgia: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper reviews the financial sector development in Georgia in recent years, and investigates why it has lagged behind economic development, as well as developments in more advanced transition economies. The paper briefly reviews recent financial sector development in Georgia, comparing it with developments in its neighboring countries in the Caucasus, the seven poorest countries in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS-7), the Baltics, and central and eastern Europe. The paper also analyzes possible factors constraining financial intermediation in Georgia and in some of the CIS countries more generally.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Georgia; government; shadow economy; LEPL; LEPL reform; comparing shadow economy; banking sector; SDS estimate; shadow economy development; reform strategy; Informal economy; Commercial banks; Fiscal risks; Corruption; Loans; Baltics; Global; Central and Eastern Europe; Eastern Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Albania: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix analyzes causes and consequences of real exchange rate appreciation in Albania. The paper highlights that Albania has experienced a sustained real appreciation since 1992, which appears to have been brought about by largely beneficial developments: price liberalization, productivity growth, external inflows, and a successful stabilization policy. The pace of appreciation has slowed in the last few years, and a real depreciation in 2002 has brought the real effective exchange rate back to its January 2000 level.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; enterprise; government; public goods; government performance; firm timetable; private sector; shadow economy need; tax collection; Informal economy; Exports; Real effective exchange rates; Public employment; Real exchange rates; Europe