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Law > Business and Financial

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Jamaica: 2024 Article IV Consultation and Second Reviews Under the Arrangement Under the Precautionary and Liquidity Line and Arrangement Under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Jamaica
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This paper discusses Jamaica’s 2023 Article IV Consultation and Second Reviews under the Arrangement under the Precautionary and Liquidity Line and Arrangement under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility. Over the last decade, Jamaica has successfully reduced public debt, anchored inflation, and strengthened its external position. It has built a strong record of accomplishment of investing in institutions and prioritizing macroeconomic stability. Growth is expected to slow in the coming year—converging to potential—and inflation should stabilize around the central bank’s target. Current policies are building resilience for Jamaica to face adverse shocks. Discussions focused on policy reforms that will continue to bolster the credibility of fiscal and monetary policy frameworks, strengthen financial stability, and raise growth. Medium-term policies to foster equitable growth, tackle supply side constraints and raise productivity can unleash Jamaica’s potential over the medium term. The reform measure to establish a natural disaster reserve fund is also assessed to be met, albeit with a minor deviation—IMF staff assesses that the measure is substantively implemented and that the objective of the reform measure is met.
Keywords:
target band; current share; climate change risk; E. WB engagement; RSF reform; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Climate change; Global; Caribbean
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Jamaica: Sixth Review Under the Stand-By Arrangements-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Direct for Jamaica
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This paper discusses Jamaica’s Sixth Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement (SBA). All quantitative performance criteria, indicative targets, and the structural benchmark at end-June were met, marking a successful completion of the SBA. Discussions centered on policies to lock-in macroeconomic stability and advance supply-side reforms to promote inclusive growth, including: building institutions and advancing fiscal reforms to safeguard and sustain economic stability and debt reduction; improving monetary operations and policy transmission; and bolstering financial inclusion, access to credit, and formality. Most structural policy commitments are on track, although some key reforms to public sector transformation, the compensation framework for public employees, legislation to establish a fiscal council, and creating a special resolution regime for financial institutions have been delayed due to capacity constraints and the need to build stakeholder support for these reforms. Important gains have been made in the oversight of financial institutions.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; policy; IMF's Executive Board; governance framework; reform commitment; government; implementing policy; fund program arrangement; Public sector; PFM legal and regulatory frameworks; Fuel prices; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Jamaica: 2016 Article IV Consultation, Eleventh and Twelfth Reviews Under the Extended Fund Facility and Request for Modification of Performance Criteria-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Jamaica
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This paper aims to discuss the economic reform program in Jamaica that focuses on reducing macroeconomic vulnerabilities, fostering growth, creating conditions for financial deepening and inclusion, reallocating public resources to maximize economic returns, and improving competitiveness. After three years of difficult economic reforms, inflation is at historical lows, current account deficit has more than halved, net international reserves have doubled, and access to domestic and international financial markets has been restored, supported by upgrades in credit ratings and historically high business confidence indicators. Comprehensive reforms in tax policy and administration have been and continue to be undertaken, while strict adherence to fiscal discipline have helped place debt on a downward trajectory.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; reform; government; reform agenda; private sector; government of Jamaica; phased personal income tax reform; IMF definition; government's commitment; Public sector; Global; Caribbean
Cover IMF Working Papers
Financial Interconnectedness and Financial Sector Reforms in the Caribbean
Ms. Sumiko Ogawa
,
Mr. Joonkyu Park
,
Ms. Diva Singh
, and
Ms. Nita Thacker
Financial sector linkages have increased continuously in the Caribbean with cross border capital flows and financial conglomerates dominating the financial system. While the greater interconnectedness can heighten systemic risks and likelihood of contagion, it can have positive impacts provided the regional authorities take steps to prevent the systemic risk. In this context, financial sector reform measures aimed at bolstering and harmonizing prudential regulations in line with international best practices, the strengthening and enhancement of financial sector supervision to include cross border linkages through consolidated supervision, increased cooperation across supervisors in the region, and the establishment of deposit insurance and crisis resolution frameworks will be critical to maintain financial sector stability and minimize the repercussions of any negative shocks.
Keywords:
WP; credit risk; financial system; parent bank support; resolution framework; problem bank; financial interconnectedness; financial sector in the Caribbean region; regulatory and supervision system; loan portfolio; market share; bank sector; BIS data; ECCU country; banking sector assets; systematic bank resolution framework; Latin American bank; ECCU's banking sector; liquid bank; Commercial banks; Financial contagion; Credit bureaus; Insurance companies; Caribbean; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Ponzi Schemes in the Caribbean
Ana Carvajal
,
Mr. Hunter K Monroe
,
Ms. Catherine A Pattillo
, and
Brian Wynter
In several Caribbean states, unregulated investment schemes grew quickly in recent years by claiming unusually high monthly returns and through a system of referrals by existing members. These are features shared with traditional Ponzi schemes and pyramid schemes. This paper describes the growth of such schemes, their subsequent collapse, and the policy response of regulators, and presents key policy lessons. The analysis and recommendations draw on country experiences in the Caribbean, and in such diverse countries as the United States, Colombia, Lesotho, and Albania.
Keywords:
WP; stay of execution; government authorities close; public offering; Antiguan government; business activity; Pyramid schemes; Ponzi schemes; Caribbean; Ponzi scheme; securities regulator; Currencies; Securities; Legal support in revenue administration