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Law > Business and Financial

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Belgium: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note on Insurance Regulation and Supervision
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
The Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) conducted a focused review of insurance regulation and supervision in Belgium. This technical note (TN) provides an update on the insurance sector and highlights risks and vulnerabilities. It analyzes key aspects of regulatory and supervisory oversight: supervisor; the solvency framework; supervision (micro and macro); changes in control and portfolio transfer, reinsurance; conduct of business and group supervision and supervisory co-operation and co-ordination. Belgium has adopted a twin peaks model of regulatory oversight and supervision. The National Bank of Belgium (NBB) is responsible for prudential supervision at both a micro and macro level whilst the Financial Services and Markets Authority (FSMA) is mandated with conduct of business supervision. The analysis focuses on supervision within the scope of the NBB’s and the FSMA’s mandates. The TN comments on progress in respect of the implementation of recommendations made by the previous FSAP and offers further recommendations to strengthen the regulatory and supervisory regime.
Keywords:
risk assessment framework; pre-emptive conduct supervision; conduct risk; group supervision; NBB's role; Insurance companies; Insurance; Mortgages; Financial Sector Assessment Program; Solvency; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kingdom of the Netherlands-Aruba: Technical Assistance Report-Financial Stability Diagnostic and Scoping Mission
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This technical assistance report on Aruba highlights the financial stability diagnostic and scoping mission. The economy of Aruba is tourist dependent, which is an important source of vulnerability. The major source of risk comes from lending. Banks are increasingly exposed to the real estate market and compete with nonregulated lenders. Residential house prices have increased significantly in some regions since the start of the pandemic driven by strong demand from nonresidential buyers as well as higher construction costs due to coronavirus disease-related supply constraints. The future Financial Stability Department (FSD) is advised to develop a strategy on Macroprudential Policy (MaP). Based on the macroprudential strategy, the FSD should prepare the methodology for the introduction of the MaP instruments chosen as well as ensure the necessary preparations in terms of data collection for this purpose. The data available to the Central Bank of Aruba is sufficient for starting systemic risk monitoring, but some data gaps should be addressed. The monitoring of systemic risk and the development of macroprudential tools requires more granular, frequent, and timely data.
Keywords:
CARTAC mission; staff team of the International Monetary Fund; bank FIS; mortgage bank; bank data; c. CBA; lending portfolio; Financial sector stability; Mortgages; Commercial banks; Housing prices; Loans; Caribbean
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Australia: Financial System Stability Assessment
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This paper presents Financial System Stability Assessment of Australian financial systems. The report highlights that financial supervision and systemic risk oversight have been enhanced. And the authorities have taken successful policy action to calm rapid growth in riskier segments of the mortgage market. Restrictions on the growth of investor loans and the share of interest-only mortgages, as well as the introduction of stronger lending standards, appear to have led to a slowdown in mortgage credit growth, and the housing market is now cooling. Financial supervision shows generally high conformity to international best practices, although there are opportunities to close identified gaps and strengthen arrangements. Steps are recommended to bolster the independence and resourcing of the regulatory agencies, by removing constraints on their policy making powers and providing additional budgetary autonomy and flexibility. The paper explains that greater formalization and transparency of the work of the Council of Financial Regulators would further buttress the financial stability framework.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financial system; banking sector; housing market; monetary policy; financial condition; capital requirement; mid-sized bank; resolution modality; asset quality; loan portfolio; bank exposure; Systemic risk; Financial sector stability; Credit; Housing prices; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Canada: Financial Sector Stability Assessment
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This report discusses key findings of the Financial Sector Stability Assessment on Canada. Canada’s financial system successfully navigated the global financial crisis, and stress tests suggest that major financial institutions would continue to be resilient to credit, liquidity, and contagion risks arising from a severe stress scenario. Elevated housing prices and high household debt remain an area of concern, though targeted prudential and macroprudential measures are proving to be effective. The regulatory and supervisory framework is strong, and is complemented by a credible federal system of safety nets.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; bank; Augment OSFI; financing; market; short term; financial crisis; net income; ABCP industry; mutual fund; intervention framework; capital requirement; banking system; market share; holding company; Insurance; Mortgages; Stress testing; Insurance companies; Global; Caribbean
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
United States: 2009 Article IV Consultation: Staff Report; Staff Supplement; and Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion
International Monetary Fund
This 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that the U.S. economy has experienced the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. In the second half of 2008, financial pressures intensified and came to a head with the failure of Lehman Brothers in September. Executive Directors have commended the authorities’ forceful and internationally coordinated actions to stabilize and repair the financial sector. As a result of their increasingly strong and comprehensive policy measures, the sharp fall in economic output seems to be ending, and confidence in financial stability has strengthened.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financial crisis; market confidence; economy; financial condition; financial market intervention; housing market; negative equity; capital injection; IMF's view; Fed official; monetary policy; exchange rate; Mortgages; Loans; Health care spending; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Ireland: Staff Report for the 2006 Article IV Consultation
International Monetary Fund
The 2006 Article IV Consultation found that the financial system in Ireland continues to perform well but rapid credit growth is a vulnerability. Central Bank officials noted that recent stress tests indicate that the major lenders have adequate buffers to cover a range of shocks. The Financial Regulator observed that the risk weighting on high loan-to-value mortgages was increased, consistent with the advice of the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) Update mission. The general government fiscal position has been either close to balance or in surplus for the past decade.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; debt; asset; Ireland; HICP inflation; widening current account deficit; real GNP growth; household debt; asset ratio; potential GDP; business income; return on equity; Credit; Mortgages; Wages; Europe; Global