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Law > Business and Financial

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 41 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Banks and banking; State supervision x
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Cover Technical Assistance Reports
Jordan: Technical Assistance Report-Developing Supervisory Review and Evaluation Process SRP Framework
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s Middle East Regional Technical Assistance Center (METAC) is currently assisting the Central Bank of Jordan (CBJ) in enhancing its risk-based supervision through the development of a Supervisory Review and Evaluation SRP framework inspired from European Central Bank (ECB) methodology. The Technical Assistance TA mission is part of a multi-step medium-term project. The TA mission aimed to design, in coordination with CBJ, a progressive multi-step roadmap defining the major milestones for a full implementation of SRP. The mission noted that several dimensions should be taken into consideration when implementing the SRP, most notably bridging the data gap by building a fully-fledged supervisory risk database through a dedicated IT project, assessing whether the current organization of the Banking Supervisory Department should be adjusted, and progressively cover all material sources of risks in the SRP.
Keywords:
evaluation process SRP framework; SRP framework; CBJ's supervision staff; SRP approach; IMF's Monetary; Bank supervision; Commercial banks; Risk-based supervision; Credit risk; Global
Cover Technical Notes and Manuals
Resolving Opaque Bank Ownership and Related-Party Exposures
Edda R Karlsdóttir
,
Rachid Awad
,
Ender Emre
,
Alessandro Gullo
,
Aldona Jociene
, and
Constant Verkoren
This note intends to provide advice to bank supervision and resolution authorities and policymakers seeking to deal with opaque bank ownership or significant overhang of related-party exposures.
Keywords:
bank Ownership structures; bank Ownership transparency; IMF Library; bank owner; related-party transaction; Basel Core Principles; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Bank resolution; State-owned banks; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Belgium: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note on Regulation and Supervision of Less Significant Institutions
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This paper focuses on the technical note on regulation and supervision of less significant institutions in Belgium. The financial sector assessment program (FSAP) undertook a targeted review of Belgium’s Less Significant Institutions (LSI) and third-country branches (TCBs) banking regulation and supervision. The National Bank of Belgium (NBB) and Financial Services and Markets Authority have well-established processes for prudential, product and conduct supervision of LSIs. While NBB’s overall supervisory approach is adequate, the regulatory framework for corporate governance could be enhanced. Internal decision-making processes and the underpinning of certain decision proposal could in some specific instances be enhanced. With regard to NBB’s internal supervisory processes, some fine-tuning and continued attention could be useful. The NBB should continue to ensure adequate staffing for LSI and TCB supervision and continue to carefully consider how to address any supervisory Information Technology risk concerns. Banks’ internal capital target could usefully be added to the NBB’s internal monitoring. A structured approach for conduct risk and consumer protection information sharing with the FSMA and the Ministry of Economic Affairs should be put in place.
Keywords:
Belgium LSI sector; credit institution; market development; LSI sector; NBB governance Manual; Belgium's Less Significant Institutions; Financial Sector Assessment Program; External balance assessment (EBA); Bank supervision; Bank legislation; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Technical Assistance Report-Financial Sector Stability Review
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
In response to a request from the Central Bank of the Congo (BCC), the Monetary and Capital Markets Department of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) conducted a Financial Sector Stability Review (FSSR) mission virtually, during January 5–28, 2022. The FSSR performed a diagnostic of the financial system, reviewed progress in implementing previous IMF technical assistance (TA) recommendations, and developed a draft Technical Assistance Roadmap to help strengthen the BCC’s capacity in the areas covered by the FSSR. The FSSR also for the first-time covered gender inclusion in financial supervision. It identified five macrofinancial vulnerabilities pertaining to: (i) the quality of the banking system’s capital base; (ii) the difficulty in evaluating nonperforming loans following the COVID 19 financial support measures; (iii) risks related to financial dollarization; (iv) the impact on correspondent banking relationships of “de-risking”; and (v) intragroup exposures, as bank subsidiaries in the DRC place surplus funds with parent companies abroad. The BCC’s adoption of COVID-19 exit measures in December 2021, including specific reporting requirements, should provide momentum for additional TA in the near term to help the BCC analyze banks’ asset quality going forward.
Keywords:
bank stress tests; bank funding; IMF resident representative; draft banking law; bank resolution function; Financial sector stability; Stress testing; Bank supervision; Bank resolution framework; Central Africa; Africa; Maghreb; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Ireland: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note on Banking Supervision
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This Technical Note discusses Ireland’s report on Banking Supervision. Supervision of less significant institutions is largely effective in Ireland. The Central Bank’s supervisory approach to LSIs is intrusive and well-developed supervisory tools are appropriately applied. The prudential regulation of banks has improved greatly since the 2016 Financial System Assessment Program. The EU framework has largely managed to embrace international regulatory reforms, following up on the causes of the Global Financial Crisis. The banking supervision has been tested by severe headwinds, with the final outcomes still in play. Supervision went through a period of major challenges for the economy and the financial system, namely from Brexit and the pandemic. The continued effectiveness of banking supervision in Ireland will depend on its success in solving several complicated problems. This note provides the main recommendations to enhance the supervision of the banking activities conducted in Ireland with a direct bearing on its financial stability.
Keywords:
supervision of the banking activity; broker-dealer supervision division; EU banking systems; business model; Central Bank approach; COVID-19; Credit risk; Bank supervision; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
South Africa: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note on Banking Regulation and Supervision
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
The implementation of a twin peaks model represents a significant change to the South African financial supervisory architecture. The Prudential Authority (PA), operating within the administration of the South African Reserve Bank (SARB), is responsible for promoting and enhancing the safety and soundness of financial institutions that provide financial products and securities services. A separate authority, the Financial Sector Conduct Authority2 (FSCA), is responsible for market conduct regulation and supervision. The introduction of the twin peaks architecture was motivated by a need to increase the robustness of the financial sector regulatory and supervisory system, reinforce financial stability, improve protection of customers, and enhance cooperation among the regulators.
Keywords:
IMF-World Bank Financial Sector Assessment Program; WB staff; staff team of the International Monetary Fund; FSAP's finding; bank supervision department; H. liquidity risk; Bank supervision; Corporate governance; External audit; Auditing; Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
United Kingdom: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Banking Supervision and Issues in Financial Stability
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
The Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) carried out a targeted evaluation of issues relating to the effectiveness of banking regulation and supervision in the United Kingdom. It leverages on the 2016 FSAP which concluded that the United Kingdom (U.K.) had a high degree of compliance with the 2012 Basel Core Principles (BCPs) with some shortcomings. The 2021 FSAP reviewed the progress in addressing them and examined the main supervisory and regulatory developments since the last FSAP. The FSAP evaluation also focuses on steps taken to minimize disruptions in the U.K. banking system at the end of the Brexit transition period, and on the regulatory and supervisory measures introduced to contain spillovers from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic on the U.K. banking system.
Keywords:
U.K. banking market; PRA buffer; PRA rule; U.K. banking sector; U.K. economy; U.K. deposit takers supervision; U.K. authorities; Stress testing; Credit risk; Operational risk; Global
Cover Departmental Papers
Strengthening Bank Regulation and Supervision: National Progress and Gaps
Ljubica Dordevic
,
Caio Ferreira
,
Moses Kitonga
, and
Katharine Seal
The paper employs two complementary strategies. First, it is pursues textual analysis (text mining) of the assessment reports to identify successes and challenges the authorities are facing. Second, it analyzes the grades in the Basel Core Principles assessments, including their evolution and association with bank fragility.
Keywords:
Bank Supervision; Bank Regulation; Basel Accords; Basel Core Principles; Global Financial Crisis; Prudential Requirements; credit risk; liquidity standard; bank capital adequacy; Basel III capital; liquidity risk; liquidity shock; risk assessment; liquidity reserve; liquidity reform; capital conservation buffer; liquidity strain; COVID-19; Corporate governance; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Iceland: 2016 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Iceland
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This paper provides an assessment of the economic conditions, outlook, and crises in Iceland. There is a mounting sense that capital controls hurt growth prospects, repressing local financial markets, scaring foreign investors, and impeding savings diversification, and that it is time for them to go. Recent settlements with the bank estates are a huge step forward, improving already favorable macroeconomic conditions. At 4 percent in 2015 and gaining pace, real GDP expansion is among the fastest growing in Europe, opening up a positive output gap. However, the biggest risk for Iceland is overheating. Large wage awards on top of already hot economic readings speak to Iceland’s boom-bust history.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Iceland; right; CBI governor; IMF staff projection; CBI transactions; inflation expectation; baseline projection; asset price pressure; Bank supervision; Capital account liberalization; Capital controls; Wages; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Georgia: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Macroprudential Policy Framework-Technical Note
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
The National Bank of Georgia (NBG) has a broad mandate to safeguard financial stability in Georgia and has applied several measures that can be considered macroprudential. For instance, the NBG adjusted risk weights for foreign-currency (FX) loans to unhedged borrowers in a countercyclical manner in recent years. Going forward, it plans to introduce the Basel III countercyclical capital buffer regime for the banking system in 2015, which will require that it sets or releases the buffer on a regular basis, based on assessments of cyclical risks. Policymakers should consider establishing a full-fledged macroprudential policy framework in line with international best practices. The current framework is too broad to support the effective and transparent use of macroprudential policy going forward. An improved system would involve a revised legal framework to cement the use of a broad range of macroprudential instruments, the establishment of a Financial Stability Committee at the NBG level, and strong accountability and communication practices, including by the publication of regular reports on financial stability. The list of available macroprudential instruments should go beyond risk buffers and allow the NBG to set measures that directly influence the banks’ activities, e.g., through the application of loan-to-value (LTV) or payment-to-income (PTI) caps. The introduction of macroprudential measures for FX-induced credit and liquidity risks have led to a strengthening of banks’ risk buffers. On the asset side, additional risk weights are applied to FX loans to unhedged borrowers, while on the liability side, reserve requirements are higher for FX deposits and other borrowings. Furthermore, banks have to hold more liquidity for nonresident deposits (of which 92 percent are in foreign currency as of end-2013), if those deposits exceed 10 percent of total deposits. Combined with the general liquidity regulation, these measures have increased banks’ capital and liquidity buffers, as shown in the results of the FSAP solvency and liquidity stress tests. The planned introduction of buffer requirements to mitigate cyclical and structural risks is a welcome step. The countercyclical capital buffer and the capital surcharge for systemically important banks are planned to be implemented over the next few years. The capital surcharge for systemically important banks, which would currently apply at least to the three largest banks by total assets, is particularly important in the Georgian context due to the high market concentration in the banking sector.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; break; bank; FX; risk; NBG methodology; NBG plan; NBG Repersentatives; FX loan; granular data base; NBG's accountability; central bank; Financial sector stability; Macroprudential policy; Liquidity requirements; Global