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Law > Business and Financial

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 27 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Financial crises x
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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Moldova: Technical Assistance Report-Financial Sector Stability Review
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
The mission conducted a diagnostic review of the financial system and proposes a Technical Assistance Roadmap (TARM) to support the authorities’ efforts to strengthen their detection of risks and vulnerabilities and to enhance capacity in financial sector oversight and development. Two modules were undertaken during this FSSR mission. The financial stability module focused on areas agreed with the NBM and NCFM during the scoping stage: financial sector oversight, financial stability (macroprudential framework, systemic risk assessment, and stress testing), financial crisis management, financial inclusion and capital markets development. The financial sector statistics module focused on key data gaps hampering financial stability analysis as well as statistical reporting to the IMF’s Statistics Department.
Keywords:
C. financial crisis management; capital markets development; TA country manager; capital markets statistics; request of the National Bank of Moldova; Capital markets; Financial sector stability; Stress testing; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
Regulatory Cycles: Revisiting the Political Economy of Financial Crises
Jihad Dagher
Financial crises are traditionally analyzed as purely economic phenomena. The political economy of financial booms and busts remains both under-emphasized and limited to isolated episodes. This paper examines the political economy of financial policy during ten of the most infamous financial booms and busts since the 18th century, and presents consistent evidence of pro-cyclical regulatory policies by governments. Financial booms, and risk-taking during these episodes, were often amplified by political regulatory stimuli, credit subsidies, and an increasing light-touch approach to financial supervision. The regulatory backlash that ensues from financial crises can only be understood in the context of the deep political ramifications of these crises. Post-crisis regulations do not always survive the following boom. The interplay between politics and financial policy over these cycles deserves further attention. History suggests that politics can be the undoing of macro-prudential regulations.
Keywords:
WP; central bank; financial market; political economy; banking sector; Financial Regulation; Financial Crises; Boom-Bust Cycles; Glass-Steagall Act; financial bubble; ruling party; share price; joint stock; crony capitalism; plain vanilla; stock index; bubble company; joint-stock bank; incumbent governments policy; government sponsorship; Housing; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Banking crises; Global; South America
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Indonesia: Financial System Stability Assessment-Press Release and Statement by the Executive Director for Indonesia
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This paper assesses the stability of Indonesia’s financial system. Since the 2010 Financial Sector Assessment Program, Indonesia’s macroeconomic performance has been robust and the financial system has been stable. Systemic risk is low and the banking system appears generally resilient to severe shocks. Market-based indicators point to relatively low levels of systemic risk. Under severe stress-test scenarios, banks experience sizable credit losses, particularly from corporate exposures, but high capital levels and strong profitability help absorb most of these losses. Many banks face relatively small shortfalls in liquidity stress tests, including in foreign currency, and these appear manageable for Bank Indonesia.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; crisis Law; authority; emergency liquidity assistance framework; OJK; assets equal; BI Law; FX liquidity coverage regulation; Financial sector stability; Commercial banks; Crisis management; Stress testing; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Emerging Powers and Global Governance: Whither the IMF?
Rakesh Mohan
and
Muneesh Kapur
The governance structure in global bodies like the IMF continues to be disproportionally dominated by advanced economies. Sustained rapid growth in emerging and developing economies (EDEs) in the past 2-3 decades has led to their growing relative weight in the global economy, but with little increase in their voice in the IMF. The emergence of regional financial arrangements reflects the growing dissatisfaction of the EDEs with the current framework. The global economy is on the cusp of an epochal change moving the fulcrum of economic power from the North Atlantic towards Asia after more than 200 years. This must be recognized and responded to adequately.
Keywords:
WP; quota resource; IMF governance; IMF reform; IMF resource; quota share; Emerging Markets; Global Governance; International Monetary Fund; Quotas; IMF quota increase; IMF article; summit meeting; governance structure; Purchasing power parity; Financial sector stability; Public investment and public-private partnerships (PPP); Global; Europe; North America
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Korea: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Crisis Preparedness and Crisis Management Framework-Technical Note
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Korea experienced significant financial distress in the late 1990s along with some of its Asian neighbors. The authorities’ experience in handling this crisis and the experience in handling the fallout from the global financial crisis in 2007–08 helped them establish a broad crisis management framework in Korea. Improving and formalizing the framework for crisis management would help preserve and build upon institutional memory. Authorities can consider formally setting up an apex forum for leading the inter-agency cooperation and coordination work on crisis preparedness and crisis management. With a view to avoid duplication, the authorities may consider upgrading the Macroeconomic Financial Meeting (MEFM) with participation by the heads of the Ministry of Strategy and Finance (MOSF), Financial Services Commission (FSC), Financial Supervisory Service (FSS), Bank of Korea (BOK), and Korea Deposit Insurance Corporation (KDIC) as members, and by including crisis preparedness and crisis management as an explicit mandate. The essential elements of a financial safety net are available in Korea, and the Emergency Liquidity Assistance (ELA) framework and deposit insurance system can be improved to make the safety net more responsive. For ELA, this can be achieved by reviewing and revising the legal and procedural aspects to remove any scope for delays in actual disbursement of funds. For deposit insurance system, improvements can be made by bringing the deposit insurance fund out of deficit, and assuring a back-up funding. The financial safety net is well supported by an efficient framework of financial sector supervision. While the corrective action framework has some of the main elements in place it can, among others, be improved in the following areas for better effectiveness: (a) reviewing the triggers for corrective actions and improving their objectivity to enable timely intervention, including even before banks breach regulatory thresholds; and (b) putting in place norms and guidance determining the use of the powers to postpone or suspend corrective actions.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; bank deposit; financial crisis; banking sector; KDIC power; public funds; insurance fund; capital ratio; payment suspension; holding company; financial support; due diligence; cross subsidization; bond market; Crisis management; Crisis prevention; Deposit insurance; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Korea: Financial System Stability Assessment
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This Financial System Stability Assessment report on the Republic of Korea highlights that the Korean economy is experiencing a modest recovery, helped by supportive monetary and fiscal policies and buoyant exports. GDP growth is expected to rebound to 2.8 percent in 2013, and strengthen further to 3.7 percent in 2014, in view of the projected global recovery and a gradual pickup in domestic demand. Inflation has fallen to 0.7 percent in October 2013 from 4.2 percent in 2011. With stronger exports and muted domestic demand, the current account surplus has widened and is expected to reach about 5.5 percent of GDP in 2013.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; bank; BOK; market; procedure; FSS examination; banking sector; capital base; risk profile; bank recapitalization fund; banking group; market risk exposure; liquidity profile; bank default; rollover rate; return on assets; Stress testing; Commercial banks; Liquidity; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
The International Monetary System: Where Are We and Where Do We Need to Go?
Rakesh Mohan
,
Michael Debabrata Patra
, and
Muneesh Kapur
The North Atlantic financial crisis of 2008-2009 has spurred renewed interest in reforming the international monetary system, which has been malfunctioning in many aspects. Large and volatile capital flows have promoted greater volatility in financial markets, leading to recurrent financial crises. The renewed focus on the broader role of the central banks, away from narrow price stability monetary policy frameworks, is necessary to ensure domestic macroeconomic and financial stability. Since international monetary cooperation might be difficult, though desirable, central banks in major advanced economies, going forward, need to internalize the implications of their monetary policies for the rest of the global economy to reduce the incidence of financial crises.
Keywords:
WP; capital flow; global economy; reserve currency; net capital; foreign exchange; Capital flows; central banks; currency internationalization; international monetary system; financial stability; pound sterling; IMS performance; post-Bretton Woods IMS; gold standard; financial asset; risk diversification; developing economy; IMS feed; short-term debt; multipolar IMS; Mexican peso; Currencies; Financial sector stability; Global; Asia and Pacific; East Asia; Middle East; North Africa
Cover Policy Papers
Stocktaking the Fund’s Engagement with Regional Financing Arrangements
International Monetary Fund
Following the global financial crisis of 2008-09, regional financing arrangements (RFAs) have been recognized as an important layer of the global financial safety net. This paper summarizes the current landscape of RFAs, and discusses IMF-RFA coordination to date and options for enhancing cooperation going forward. In so doing, it intends to contribute to discussions underway at international fora and solicit views from the Fund and RFA memberships on how to enhance cooperation
Keywords:
PP; Fund resource; Fund financing; Fund involvement; IMF-RFA coordination; lending framework; RFA financing vehicle; financial support; Fund coordination; Fund instrument; Fund staff; envisaged role; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Loans; Financial sector stability; Lines of credit; Global; Europe; North America; East Asia
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
The Bahamas: Financial Sector Stability Assessment
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This article is an overview of the structure of the Bahamian financial system. After the financial crisis in the United States, the Bahamian financial structure showed fragile growth. Tourism, the main source of income for the domestic economy, weakened owing to the U.S. crisis. The increase in oil prices was the key reason for the destroyed infrastructure. However, amidst the vulnerabilities, the banking sector showed stability with high capital and liquidity and sustained challenges; the insurance sector also showed significant improvement. The current financial framework needs to be strengthened, and the mission recommends several reforms to handle financial shocks.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; liquidity position; securities Commission of The Bahamas; U.S. dollar; bank lending; interest rate; financial system; CLICO Bahamas liquidation update; parent company; capital base; CBoB supervision; CBoB authority; Bahamas liquidation update; excess reserves; price index; onshore bank; offshore bank; Commercial banks; Insurance companies; Nonperforming loans; Global; Caribbean
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Brazil: Financial System Stability Assessment
International Monetary Fund
The paper discusses the stability of Brazil's financial system, which is diversified and shows sustained economic progress. Fiscal and monetary policies have been aimed to improve bank reserves, and foreign exchange intervention has been streamlined to curb volatility in the exchange market. These measures have been effective in achieving the immediate targets, maintaining macroeconomic stability, and ensuring adequate financial sector buffers. However, there are indications of emerging strains in some sectors and asset classes.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; central bank; bank supervision; exchange rate; financial system; debt service; medium bank; interest rate; reverse repo; liquidity ratio; bond market; investment funds; foreign exchange; credit risk; bridge bank statute; Credit; Financial sector stability; Loans; Global