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Asia and Pacific > Kiribati

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Cover Asia and Pacific
Asia and Pacific
Small States Monitor, April 2014: Volume 1, Issue 1
Ms. Shari Boyce
,
Mr. Sergei Dodzin
,
Mr. Xuefei Bai
,
Ezequiel Cabezon
,
Mr. Fazurin Jamaludin
,
Mr. Yiqun Wu
, and
Ms. Rosanne Heller

Abstract

The work on the small states is an important component of the IMF’s global policy agenda. Among the 36 member countries covered by the IMF Asia and Pacific Department (APD), 13 countries are developing small states—most of which are Pacific islands. As part of APD’s ongoing effort to increase its engagement with regional small states and their development partners and enhance information sharing within the IMF, this issue marks the launch of the APD Small States Monitor, a quarterly bulletin featuring the latest economic developments, country notes from the most recent Article IV staff reports, special topics, past and upcoming events, and forthcoming IMF research on small states. In future issues, we will also host contributions from the authorities of small states and their development partners on key policy topics. Our goal is to exchange knowledge and deepen our understanding of the policy challenges these economies face to better tailor our policy advice.

Keywords:
MISC PERIOD; Misc.; IMF staff estimate; household debt; commodity exporter; IMF Asia; fishing license fee; APD small states outlook; Agroindustries; Fiscal stance; Natural disasters; Income tax systems; Pacific Islands; Asia and Pacific; Global
Cover Policy Papers
Staff Guidance Note on the Fund's Engagement with Small Developing States
International Monetary Fund
This note highlights the unique economic characteristics and constraints facing small developing states. It provides operational guidance on Fund engagement with such countries, including on how small country size might influence the use of Fund facilities and instruments, program design, capacity building activities, and collaboration with other institutions and donors. The guidance note draws on the March 2013 Board papers on small states and the associated Executive Board discussion. The findings of the paper and implications for Fund engagement with small states were presented to small states authorities during the 2013 Annual Meetings, as well as in regional IMF conferences with small states in the Bahamas (September 2013) and Vanuatu (November 2013). Series
Keywords:
PP; exchange rate; monetary policy; insurance coverage; authorities policy; cash balance; government reform; reform effort; small states; private sector; fiscal policy; balance of payments; Natural disasters; Caribbean; Pacific Islands; Global; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kiribati: 2013 Article IV Consultation—Staff Report; Informational Annex, Debt Sustainability Analysis, Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Kiribati
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Kiribati is one of the poorest and most remote microstates in the Pacific. It is highly dependent on volatile fishing license fees, remittances, and donor assistance. The challenge is to implement fiscal and structural reforms to help ensure fiscal sustainability, promote private sector development, and increase its resilience to external shocks. Fully using its marine potential beyond fishing license fees will help to improve fiscal revenues and growth opportunities. More generally, private sector development is critical for both increasing growth and reducing fiscal pressures.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; real GDP; debt; RERF balance; RERF assets; Kiribati authorities; staff projection; policy reform matrix; Kiribati's so; Agroindustries; Climate change; Pacific Islands; Australia and New Zealand; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Are the Asia and Pacific Small States Different from Other Small States?
Ms. Patrizia Tumbarello
,
Ezequiel Cabezon
, and
Mr. Yiqun Wu
The small states of the Asia and Pacific region face unique challenges in raising their growth potential and living standards relative to other small states due to their small populations, geographical isolation and dispersion, narrow export and production bases, exposure to shocks, and heavy reliance on aid. Higher fixed government costs, low access to credit by the private sector, and capacity constraints are also key challenges. The econometric analysis confirms that the Pacific Island Countries (PICs) have underperformed relative to their peers over the last 20 years. Although these countries often face more limited policy tools, policies do matter and can further help build resilience and raise potential growth, as evidenced in the recent business cycle. The Asia and Pacific small states should continue rebuilding buffers and improve the composition of public spending in order to foster inclusive growth. Regional solutions should also continue to be pursued.
Keywords:
WP; IMF staff calculation; micro state; country authorities; real GDP; Asia and Pacific; small states; micro states; Pacific islands; growth; volatility; Asia-Pacific small state government; ECCU country; effective purchasing power; Pacific region; small states-Asia; country information; Income; Terms of trade; Government consumption; Climate change
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kiribati: 2011 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report, Informational Annexes, Debt Sustainability Analysis, Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion, and Statement by the Executive Director for Kiribati
International Monetary Fund
The staff report highlights that the economy of Kiribati showed resilience from the global crisis owing to infrastructure projects financed by foreign assistance. Executive Directors stressed the importance of preserving real per capita value of the Revenue Equalization Reserve Fund to ensure fiscal sustainability and intergenerational fairness. They appreciated the multiyear budget framework, which helped in designing realistic fiscal plans. Directors noted the joint IMF-World Bank debt sustainability analysis and encouraged authorities to secure grant financing to support the country’s development needs.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; right; authority; authorities confidence; financing; Kiribati authorities; government operation; authorities' development; policy initiative direction; Fiscal stance; Climate change; Public and publicly-guaranteed external debt; Pacific Islands; Global; Australia and New Zealand
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kiribati: Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This report presents data provided by the authorities during 2005–09, which include Kiribati's contributions to GDP growth and gross national product. It provides a summary of central government's operations, revenue 2005–09, central government expenditure (functional and economic classifications), salary structure 2004–08, and budgetary subsidies to public enterprises. Details of assets and the liabilities of the Development Bank of Kiribati, provident funds, ANZ bank's balance sheets and interest rates, and composition of exports and imports are also mentioned. It shows services and income, external grants, and external assets and liabilities as well.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Kiribati authorities; Kiribati; gross domestic product; cooperative society; Kiribati housing corporation; development fund; interest stabilization; Income; Agroindustries; Current spending; Transportation; Australia and New Zealand
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kiribati: 2009 Article IV Consultation: Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Kiribati
International Monetary Fund
This 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that inflation in Kiribati increased to about 19 percent by end-2008, largely reflecting higher food prices. The current account deficit was broadly unchanged in 2008. Structural reforms are under way, although the pace has been limited by capacity constraints. Executive Directors have welcomed the recent improvement in economic activity. They have also welcomed the planned review and reform of public enterprises as critical to promoting private sector development, and to boosting the growth potential.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; Kiribati; GDP; public enterprise; Kiribati economy; Kiribati authorities; PFTAC advisor; administered fuel price; PFTAC Multisector Statistics Advisor; Public sector; Income; Global; Pacific Islands; Australia and New Zealand
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kiribati: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper focuses on recent developments with Kiribati’s Revenue Equalization Reserve Fund (RERF). The paper also examines fiscal aspects of climate change, and considers options for improving fishing license fees, which remain an important source of revenue. It also analyzes recent developments and the outlook for remittances to Kiribati, which is another important source of external revenue and brings important economic benefits, such as reducing poverty and stabilizing national income.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Kiribati; cost; fee; RERF balance; fishing license fee; remittances to Kiribati; Kiribati's remittances come; remittance cost; Agroindustries; Remittances; Climate change; Income; Current spending; Pacific Islands; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Managing Revenue Volatility in a Small Island Economy: The Case of Kiribati
Miss Catriona Purfield
The formulation of fiscal policy in Kiribati faces unusual challenges. Kiribati's revenue base is among the most volatile in the world, and it possesses sizeable financial assets. Drawing on lessons from some other countries who experience high volatility in their revenues, this paper proposes a fiscal policy rule for Kiribati which is nested within a medium-term macroeconomic framework that aims to ensure the sustainable use of Kiribati's financial assets while managing the impact of extreme revenue volatility. It also discusses improvements in the institutional fiscal policy framework that could support such a framework.
Keywords:
WP; RERF assets; RERF drawdown; annual budget; budget law; fishing license fee; nominal rate; RERF sustainability
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kiribati: 2001 Article IV Consultation--Staff Report and Public Information Notice on the Executive Discussion
International Monetary Fund
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; private sector; Kiribati; deficit; legal tender; Development expenditure; real GDP; fishing license fee; government policy; Agroindustries; Public sector; Current spending; Public enterprises; Pacific Islands; article IV consultation discussion; deep-sea fishing sector; comparing Kiribati; IMF's article; Kiribati's success; Policy discussion