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Middle East and Central Asia > Kyrgyz Republic

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Cover Policy Papers
A Strategy for IMF Engagement on Social Spending: Case Studies
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
,
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, &amp
, and
Review Department
This paper uses case studies to explore the nature and extent of past IMF engagement on social spending issues and to draw lessons for future engagement.
Keywords:
PP; IMF staff; Policy advice; public spending; spending efficiency; IMF Policy; IMF engagement; fiscal policy; IMF-supported program; Social assistance spending; Pension spending; Fiscal sustainability; Health care spending; Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
The Kyrgyz Republic: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper on Kyrgyz Republic highlights that the period 2009 through filled with symbolic events marked a new milestone in the Kyrgyz Republic development and will enter the country’s history as the period of strength test for the Kyrgyz statehood and entire public administration system including socio-political, economic, environmental, financial and other areas of development management. The country development background during that period included the world financial crisis and growing uncertainty on world markets which created risks for all market actors including the Kyrgyzstan’s key trade partners such as Russia, Kazakhstan, and China. The government officially declared the country’s sustainable development-oriented policy. For Kyrgyzstan as a country with its still high poverty level, particularly in rural areas, and limited natural and financial resources, the sustainable development policy seems today’s logically and politically justified choice. The sustainable development model itself suggests striving for systemic, comprehensiveness, and balance in development. Transition to sustainable development suggests considering economic growth through the prism of human values and reasonable use of natural resources.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Kyrgyz Republic government; staff training; community development; customs union; education system; feasibility study; foreign trade; government regulation; labor market; national budget; sustainable development; value chain; economic system; civil society; risk management; Sustainable development; Global; Central Asia
Cover IMF Working Papers
Measuring the Informal Economy in the Caucasus and Central Asia
Mr. Yasser Abdih
and
Leandro Medina
This study estimates the size of the informal economy, and the relative contribution of each underlying factor, for the Caucasus and Central Asia countries in 2008. Using a Multiple Indicator-Multiple Cause model, we find that a burdensome tax system, rigid labor market, low institutional quality, and excessive regulation in financial and products markets are determinant factors in explaining the size of the informal economy, which ranges from 26 percent of GDP in Kyrgyz Republic to around 35 percent of GDP in Armenia. Furthermore, the results show that higher levels of informality increase the levels of self employment and the percentage of currency held outside the banking system.
Keywords:
WP; financial market; regulation; unobserved informal economy; Informal economy; latent variable; Caucasus and Central Asia; informal economy variance; product market restriction; size of the informal economy; informal economy size; informal economy for the Caucasus and Central Asia; Commodity markets; Tax incidence; Self-employment; Central Asia and the Caucasus
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kyrgyz Republic: Medium-Term Development Program: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; budget deficit; civil society; poverty level; customs union; development program; public-private partnership
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kyrgyz Republic: Medium-Term Development Program: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
This paper focuses on the Medium-Term Development Program for the Kyrgyz Republic. The aim of this program is to put the economy of the country into a sustainable vector of development and improve the budget status to prevent social effects, increase living standard, and reduce poverty in the country. Implementation of the reforms anticipated by the Program will help to reduce the State budget deficit, enhance the fight against corruption, improve living standards, and decrease social tension in the society.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; budget deficit; civil society; poverty level; customs union; development program; public-private partnership; living standard; economic development; natural resources; public finance; judicial system; Budget planning and preparation; Central Asia
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kyrgyz Republic: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: Country Development Strategy (2007: 2010)
International Monetary Fund
This paper analyzes progress on the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper—Country Development Strategy (PRSP–CDS) in the Kyrgyz Republic for 2007–10. The CDS is the most important concept paper that outlines midterm vision of the Kyrgyz Republic. The paper also discusses that there is a clear need for development and implementation of the new effective strategy for country development with regard to the current situation that aims to overcome obstacles. Paradigm of the strategy implies the need to move toward employment of own resources and to focus on enhancement of competitiveness of the republic.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; Kyrgyzstan; country; reform program; poverty level; Kyrgyz government; social policy; State secretary; government of the Kyrgyz Republic; Kyrgyz economy development basis; financial support; political system; market economy; business activity; Fiscal governance; Budget planning and preparation; Central Asia; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Russian Flat Tax Reform
Mr. Michael Keen
,
Mr. Alexander D Klemm
, and
Anna Ivanova
Russia dramatically reduced its higher rates of personal income tax (PIT) in 2001 establishing a single marginal rate at the low level of 13 percent. In the following year, real revenue from the PIT actually increased by about 26 percent. This 'flat tax' experience has attracted much attention (and emulation) among policymakers, making it perhaps the most important tax reform of recent years. But it has been little studied. This paper asks whether the strong revenue performance of the PIT was itself a consequence of this reform, using both macro evidence and, in particular, micro-level data on the experiences of individuals and households affected by the reform to varying degrees. It concludes that there is no evidence of a strong supply side effect of the reform. Compliance, however, did improve quite substantially-by about one third according to our estimates-though it remains unclear whether this was due to the parametric reforms or to accompanying changes in enforcement.
Keywords:
WP; wage rate; gross income; tax rate
Cover IMF Working Papers
Analysis of Recent Growth in Low-Income CIS Countries
Ms. Elena Loukoianova
and
Ms. Anna Unigovskaya
This paper analyzes factors that determine recent economic growth in the low-income countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.2 The main findings are as follows: (1) productivity gains in export-oriented sectors and expansion of exports may have become the main sources of growth in five of the seven CIS-7 countries, while in the early years of transition the output recovery was mainly driven by consumption; (2) economic growth has concentrated in agriculture and the raw material sectors, and, thus, is vulnerable to changes in external conditions; and (3) structural reforms matter for growth, which is consistent with previous research on growth in transition countries.
Keywords:
WP; real GDP; TFP growth; exchange rate; CIS Goskomstat
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kyrgyz Republic: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Progress Report
International Monetary Fund
This paper on the Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) on the Kyrgyz Republic explains macroeconomic, structural, and social policies in support of growth and poverty reduction, as well as associated external financing needs and major sources of financing. Partnerships developed by the Kyrgyz Republic with all representatives of the donor community became an important factor in raising the level of coordination and effectiveness of foreign aid. Promotion and further development of the potential of government and nongovernment organizations and local communities on the joint development and implementation of the development programs remain an important task.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; economic growth; Kyrgyz government; poverty level; State program; state agency; oblast state administration; policy measure; judicial system; Poverty reduction strategy; Budget planning and preparation; Central Asia
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kyrgyz Republic: Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC)—Data Module
International Monetary Fund
This Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes (ROSC) provides an assessment of data dissemination practices against the IMF’s General Data Dissemination System (GDDS). It also assesses the data dissemination practices against the IMF’s Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS) requirements, focusing on coverage, periodicity, and timeliness. It also provides an assessment of the quality of the national accounts, consumer price index, producer price index, government finance, monetary, and balance-of-payments statistics.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; source data; break; balance of payments; financing government budget expenditure; collection coverage; government finance statistics; NSC publication; authorities of the Kyrgyz Republic; NSC website; producer price index; Balance of payments statistics; Monetary statistics; Government finance statistics; Central Asia