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Middle East and Central Asia > Kyrgyz Republic

You are looking at 1 - 2 of 2 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • IMF Policy Discussion Papers x
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Cover IMF Policy Discussion Papers
FDI and the Investment Climate in the CIS Countries
Mr. Clinton R. Shiells
In view of disappointing levels of inward foreign direct investment (FDI), this paper examines capital flows into the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries and investigates the main impediments to a more favorable investment climate. Direct investment inflows have generally been related to natural resource extraction or energy transportation infrastructure projects, large privatization transactions, and debt/equity swaps to pay for energy supplies. Low FDI inflows despite strengthening macroeconomic performance has reflected a weak investment climate particularly owing to incomplete structural reforms. IMF staff working on the countries concerned cited burdensome tax systems, widespread corruption, extensive state intervention coupled with weak legal and regulatory frameworks, and incomplete structural reforms as the main impediments.
Keywords:
PDP; CIS country; FDI flow; investment climate; FDI inflow; firm Gazprom; IMF country team; Moldovan firm Moldova-Gaz; FDI; Former Soviet Union; Transition economies; Regional issues; enterprise performance; Foreign direct investment; Privatization; Capital flows; Capital inflows; Oil sector; Central and Eastern Europe; Eastern Europe; Baltics; Central Asia
Cover IMF Policy Discussion Papers
Social Protection in Transition Countries: Emerging Issues
Mr. Sanjeev Gupta
and
Mr. Ke-young Chu
The paper discusses the social protection implications of the weakening financial and administrative capacity of countries undergoing economic transition. The formal sector is shrinking, and unemployment and underemployment are rising rapidly. This is affecting both the revenue base of social protection programs and the ability of these countries to target social benefits. These developments make it imperative for these countries to restructure social benefits, rely more on self-targeting mechanisms to deliver benefits, as well as take immediate steps to improve payroll tax compliance. This is a Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment and the author(s) would welcome any comments on the present text Citations should refer to a Paper on Policy Analysis and Assessment of the International Monetary Fund, mentioning the author(s) and the date of issuance. The views expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the Fund.
Keywords:
PDP; transition country; country; wage; government; wage bill; government cash benefit; wage fund; sector wage; retirement age; earnings history; Wages; Income; Payroll tax; Pension spending; Aging; Baltics; Eastern Europe