Narrow Your Choices

Refine By Topic

Refine By Series

Refine By Language

Refine By Date

—

Refine By IMF Taxonomy

Refine By JEL Taxonomy

Refine by LOC Taxonomy

Refine By THEMA Taxonomy

  • Print
  • Save

Middle East and Central Asia > Jordan

You are looking at 1 - 9 of 9 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
Clear All Modify Search
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Jordan: Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director, and Advisor for Jordan
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This paper discusses Jordan’s Request for Purchase Under the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI). The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has had a severe impact on the Jordanian people’s lives and on the economy. Tourism disruption and sharp declines in remittances, exports and capital inflows have resulted in an urgent balance of payments need. The Jordanian authorities have responded with decisive containment and health measures that effectively limited the spread of the virus with minimal fatalities. They also implemented a timely package of policies to mitigate the economic fallout of the pandemic. IMF financing under the RFI will support international reserves and help meet the budget financing needs for crisis mitigation. Mobilizing additional financing from multilateral and bilateral creditors will be essential to support the authorities’ policy efforts and preserve macroeconomic stability. The authorities remain committed to the objectives of the reform program supported by the Extended Fund Facility arrangement, which was approved by the Board in March. When the crisis abates, the priority will be resuming fiscal consolidation to place public debt on a declining path and pursuing reforms to strengthen the competitiveness of the Jordanian economy and to support inclusive growth and job creation.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; emergency financing request; financing; growth potential; IMF lending tracker; IMF's Rapid Financing Instrument; request for a Rapid Financing Instrument; Arrears; Fiscal stance; Loans; Global; COVID-19
Cover IMF Working Papers
FinTech in Financial Inclusion: Machine Learning Applications in Assessing Credit Risk
Majid Bazarbash
Recent advances in digital technology and big data have allowed FinTech (financial technology) lending to emerge as a potentially promising solution to reduce the cost of credit and increase financial inclusion. However, machine learning (ML) methods that lie at the heart of FinTech credit have remained largely a black box for the nontechnical audience. This paper contributes to the literature by discussing potential strengths and weaknesses of ML-based credit assessment through (1) presenting core ideas and the most common techniques in ML for the nontechnical audience; and (2) discussing the fundamental challenges in credit risk analysis. FinTech credit has the potential to enhance financial inclusion and outperform traditional credit scoring by (1) leveraging nontraditional data sources to improve the assessment of the borrower’s track record; (2) appraising collateral value; (3) forecasting income prospects; and (4) predicting changes in general conditions. However, because of the central role of data in ML-based analysis, data relevance should be ensured, especially in situations when a deep structural change occurs, when borrowers could counterfeit certain indicators, and when agency problems arising from information asymmetry could not be resolved. To avoid digital financial exclusion and redlining, variables that trigger discrimination should not be used to assess credit rating.
Keywords:
WP; ML model; bears risk; machine learning technique; ML analysis; ML evaluation; FinTech Credit; Financial Inclusion; Machine Learning; Credit Risk Assessment; ML analyst; credit risk driver; FinTech credit company; credit scoring; supervised machine learning model; capital structure; borrower default; neural network; Credit risk; Credit; Credit ratings; Loans; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Jordan: Request for an Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Jordan
International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
This paper discusses Jordan’s Request for an extended arrangement under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF). The economic growth of Jordan remains below potential. Unemployment is high, particularly for youth and women, and the refugee crisis is weighing on the economy and public finances. Real GDP growth is projected to increase to 2.8 percent in 2016, supported by lower oil prices relative to their 2014 peak, an accommodative monetary stance, and some recovery in private investment. In view of Jordan’s balance of payment needs, the policy actions already taken, and the comprehensive package of adjustment measures proposed by the authorities, the IMF staff supports the authorities’ request for an extended arrangement under the EFF.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; reform program; refugee; deficit; indirect cost; electricity company NEPCO; NEPCO; IMF quota; government balance; economic reform reform program; Syrian refugee; Government debt management; Fiscal consolidation; Loans; Global; Europe; Middle East; Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Basel Capital Requirements and Credit Crunch in the MENA Region
Samy Ben Naceur
and
Ms. Magda E. Kandil
The 1988 Basel I Accord set the common requirements of bank capital to promote the soundness and stability of the international banking system. The agreement required banks to hold capital in proportion to their perceived credit risks, and this requirement may have caused a “credit crunch,” a significant reduction in the supply of credit. We investigate the direct link between the implementation of the Basel I Accord and lending activities, using a data set spanning annual observations covering 1989–2004 for banks in Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, and Tunisia. The results provide clear support for a significant increase in credit growth following the implementation of capital regulations, in general. Despite higher capital adequacy ratios, banks expanded credit and asset growth. Credit growth appears to be driven by demand fluctuations attributed to real growth, cost of borrowing, and exchange rate risk. Overall, the effects of macroeconomic variables, in contrast to capital adequacy, appear to be more dominant in determining credit growth, regardless of the capital adequacy ratio, and regardless of variation across banks by nationality, ownership, and listing.
Keywords:
WP; capital regulation; government securities; banking sector; interest rate; capital requirement; credit crunch; Basel I Accord; lending behaviour; panel data models; bank regulator; investment strategy; bank shrinkage; bank-borrower relationship; bank portfolio; bank capital; loan-asset ratio; capital base; banks' holding; bank capital requirement; Capital adequacy requirements; Credit; Commercial banks; Loans; Basel Core Principles; Middle East; North Africa; East Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Tunisie: Évaluation de la stabilité du système financier
International Monetary Fund
Depuis plusieurs années, le FMI publie un nombre croissant de rapports et autres documents couvrant l'évolution et les tendances économiques et financières dans les pays membres. Chaque rapport, rédigé par une équipe des services du FMI à la suite d'entretiens avec des représentants des autorités, est publié avec l'accord du pays concerné.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; bank; loan; regulation; Tunisia; bank-restructuring process; banks universal
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Tunisia: Financial System Stability Assessment
International Monetary Fund
The Central Bank of Tunisia's (CBT) liquidity support contributed to rapid credit growth in Tunisia and an uptick in inflation. The Tunisian economy is expected to recover gradually. Banking sector vulnerabilities are much higher, and stress tests indicate that the banking sector may face large recapitalization needs. Improving financial intermediation efficiency, antimoney laundering, and combating the financing of terrorism is required. A comprehensive capital market reform is needed to support long-term investment. Banking sector reform should improve access to finance for individuals, and small and medium enterprises.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; bank; loan; regulation; Tunisia; bank-restructuring process; banks universal; development bank; green-field bank; bank financing; rescheduling rate; bank intermediation; bank assets; bank performance; illiquid bank; headline inflation; troubled bank; State-owned banks; Commercial banks; Nonperforming loans; Liquidity; Loans; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Role of Affordable Mortgages in Improving Living Standards and Stimulating Growth: A Survey of Selected Mena Countries
Mr. Frank E. Nothaft
and
Mr. S. Nuri Erbas
This paper argues that making affordable home mortgage loans available to a large cross section of the population will serve both the redistributive and growth-enhancing objectives of poverty reduction policies. The current state of housing and mortgage markets in selected Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, and Tunisia) is examined. The study evaluates Turkey and Mexico as middle-income comparator countries. Historical experience of the United States is also described. Simulations based on U.S. parameters provide some guide to the effects on economic growth of alleviating housing shortages by improving access to mortgage financing.
Keywords:
WP; housing construction; term housing finance facility; mortgage lending; commercial bank; down payment; mortgage finance market; housing supply; mortgage finance availability; growth; poverty; secondary mortgage market; construction initiative; production program; mortgage financing; insolvent public sector housing institution; housing demand; government housing policy; Housing; Mortgages; Housing prices; Loans; Income; Middle East; North Africa; East Africa; Maghreb
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Jordan: Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Jordan; Jordan dinar; net; unit price; factor income; financial market; cost of living index; bills payable; government of Jordan; Imports; Commercial banks; Loans; Exports; Business enterprises; Eastern Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Composition and Distribution of Financial Assistance From Arab Countries and Arab Regional Institutions
International Monetary Fund
This paper examines the volume and distribution of concessional and nonconcessional financial flows from Arab countries, and aid agencies, and regional institutions to developing countries. Arab financial assistance increased very rapidly from 1973 to 1980 in line with the rapid growth in oil revenues. Essentially because of the softer oil market, this trend was reversed in the 1980s. Nonetheless, the Arab contributions as a share of GNPs remain by far the most generous among the major donor groups. Arab recipient countries received nearly 62 percent of total Arab financial assistance. Together with large flows of workers’ remittances, this assistance accelerated their economic development beyond what would have been otherwise possible.
Keywords:
WP; balance of payments; economic development; gross national product; recipient country; net disbursement; net importer; debtor country; outstanding balance; donor country; Loans; Concessional external borrowing; Project loans; Imports; Balance of payments assistance; Middle East; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Asia and Pacific; Europe